Body: Council Type: Agenda Meeting: Regular Date: February 21, 2017 Collection: Council Agendas Municipality: South Frontenac

[View Document (PDF)](/docs/south-frontenac/Agendas/Council/2017/Council - 21 Feb 2017 - Agenda.pdf)


Document Text

TOWNSHIP OF SOUTH FRONTENAC COUNCIL MEETING AGENDA TIME: DATE: PLACE:

7:00 PM, Tuesday, February 21, 2017 Council Chambers.

Call to Order

a)

Resolution

Declaration of pecuniary interest and the general nature thereof

Scheduled Closed Session - n/a

***Recess *** - n/a

Public Meeting

a)

Resolution

b)

Application for Zoning By-law Amendment - Concession XIII, Part Lots 5 & 6, Portland

3-5

c)

Application for Zoning By-law Amendment - Concession IV, Part Lots 28 & 29; Bedford

6 - 11

Approval of Minutes

a)

Minutes of the February 14, 2017 Council Meeting

Business Arising from the Minutes

a)

Notice of Motion - Arena Board and FIT Projects

b)

Notice of Motion - Surface Treatment and Micro Surfacing

c)

Wayne Orr, Chief Administrative Officer, re: Committee Appointments

Reports Requiring Action

a)

Rick Chesebrough, Fire Chief, re; By-law to Regulate Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Appliances

23 - 73

b)

Louise Fragnito, Treasurer, re: Investment Reporting

74 - 75

Committee Meeting Minutes - n/a

By-Laws

a)

By-law 2017-05 - Committee Appointments

76 - 77

b)

By-law 2017-06 - Rezone Con IV, Part Lots 28 & 29, Bedford

78 - 79

c)

By-law 2017-07 - Rezone Con XIII, Part Lots 5 and 6, Portland

80 - 81

12 - 18

19 20 - 21 22

Page 1 of 97

11.

Reports for Information

a)

Accounts Payable and Payroll Listing

b)

Mark Segsworth, Public Works Manager, re: 4318 Ottawa St, Harrowsmith

c)

Mark Segsworth, Public Works Manager, re: Perth Road Fire Hall Update

Information Items - n/a

Notice of Motions

Announcements

Question of Clarity (from the public on outcome of agenda items)

Closed Session (if requested)

Confirmatory By-law

a)

By-law 2017-08

Adjournment

82 - 91 92

93 - 96

97

Page 2 of 97

REPORT TO COUNCIL PLANNING DEPARTMENT PUBLIC MEETING AGENDA DATE: February 21, 2017 SUBJECT: Review of Zoning By-law Amendment Application: Myllymaki


RECOMMENDATION It is recommended that Council hear comments from members of the public and that the attached zoning amending By-law No. 2017-07 to rezone three proposed new waterfront residential lots from Rural Zone (RU) to Waterfront Residential Zone (RW), be considered for passage.

BACKGROUND An application has been submitted to amend the Township of South Frontenac Comprehensive Zoning By-law to rezone three proposed new residential lots at Howes Lake in Portland District. The rezoning is a condition of Consent applications S-62-16-P, S-63-16-P and S-64-16-P which were given conditional approval by the Committee of Adjustment on December 8, 2016. Both the proposed new lots and the retained lot would have frontage on Hinchinbrook Road North – a maintained Township road. The subject land is shown on Attachment #1 and the configuration of the new lots is depicted on Attachment #2 hereto. The land is designated Rural in the Official Plan which permits residential development on a body of water where the primary means of access is from a public road subject to meeting minimum standards set out in the Plan. In this regard, the new lots would range in size from 3 acres to 4.5 acres and they would exceed the minimum standards in terms of lot size, waterfrontage and frontage on the road. The retained portion would still be large at approximately 24 acres and would remain zoned Rural. However the zoning by-law must be changed from Rural (RU) to Waterfront Residential (RW) on the smaller new lots to specify that their use would be residential and to recognize that they have waterfrontage and are accessed by a public road. From a planning perspective, the proposal appears to meet the intent of the Official Plan in terms the use, minimum size, waterfrontage, location and frontage on a public road. The new lane to give access is being constructed to meet Township standards. Therefore, the application is supported. All agencies commented favourably to the proposal at the consent stage. At time of preparation of this report no comments had been received from the public. FINANCIAL and STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS n/a

ATTACHMENTS Attachment #1 – shows the location of subject land Attachment #2 – shows the proposed lot layout Submitted/approved by: Lindsay Mills

Prepared by: Lindsay Mills

MyllymakiZoningReport

Page 3 of 97

‘)

(

ATTACHMENT#1 a ?

@, l!

U ]

X

dre a

A

J /J

!

]

Colel

61

r

,C

PEPPER

4

?

F I-

!!<

?

11

SUBjECT LAND

P .-J

s

ll {ki

68!

k }

i

&lA

)’

i

7

l>

X

?,

! P

7

p'

@J-?

@ j

!/

I

HIGH

L.i t-towes take

M

t

/

(!

Q'

!

7

]Mcqujre Lake

k

i’l,

/! !)

r;

0’) N

16

iF’a’?"

4

Fourtdlen Island Lal Page 4 of 97

ATTACHMENT #2

keviseb Lhtoo-r T T l l

A

/;'!

r

l;‘S

‘IJ:x lh

7

!%

llFsl.

?,2 11 <T P%],ail’

6

9 f {1,7

c

6’

06

WA 13?.O I?II?R baw r? 10 18 3? 41lllXll

iii,ii'>

‘.sl

l),l

,’]//’,/

l/ /l

RU

/

RETAINED

/

PORTION

{

area-97775 sq.m. (24. 7 6 acres)

‘y /?

-t

l/ HOWES LAKE

/?

7X4,—i ‘S4. [ ‘?

I/

}

/

% I, V]+ (,, 1–q))/ lNu?"?‘a?‘7’l/’ ’ ?4?s?‘o"=.- .::!>": l A (-:t-€‘f

;,,;;-,-.:.’%;s?“l ‘=”"?-.li,

?

101 Hinchinbrooke Rd. N.

#=i,…….-e -j$

l

’ ?’%I-:1?v ,?R ‘%l

CONSENTS APPLICATION %S

1:3000 OCTOBER 2016 REV.5DEC16

s?l(s ,a

k

’nWl'3i

‘?N j I?‘j

RU [EE] 5?

c’i

l

n

Page 5 of 97

REPORT TO COUNCIL PLANNING DEPARTMENT PUBLIC MEETING AGENDA DATE: February 21, 2017 SUBJECT: Review of Zoning By-law Amendment Application: Brown


RECOMMENDATION It is recommended that Council hear comments from members of the public and that the attached zoning amending By-law No. 2017-06 to rezone a portion of land from Rural (RU) to Special Recreational Resort Commercial (RRC-42) and to rezone a proposed new waterfront residential lot from Rural (RU) to Special Limited Service Residential-Waterfront (RLSW-115), be considered for passage.

BACKGROUND An application has been submitted to amend the Township of South Frontenac Comprehensive Zoning By-law to rezone land that was the subject of applications for two lot additions and to create a new waterfront residential lot in Bedford District. The rezoning is a condition of these applications ie., Applications S-56-16-B and S-57-16-B which were given conditional approval by the Committee of Adjustment on November 10, 2016. Attachment #1 shows the location of the subject land. The subject land comprises 47.2 hectares (116 ac.) with road frontage on Browns Lane and lake frontage on Crow Lake. The proposal is for the creation of a 6.6 ac. waterfront lot with 83 metres of frontage on the lake. Creation of this lot would remove the waterfrontage portion from the retained land, thus rendering it an inland rural lot accessed by a private lane (Browns Lane). However, the Official Plan and zoning by-law do not permit inland rural lots to front on a private lane but require these rural acreages to front on, and be accessed by, a fully maintained public road. Accordingly, the above mentioned lot addition would add land from the abutting property on the south to the rural lot on the north so that it would have the minimum required frontage on a public road (Bradshaw Road). The second lot addition would add land from the north lot to the south lot (ie.,portions of land would be traded between the two lots). A desirable consequence of these lot additions would be that Bradshaw Road and Brown’s Lane would form a natural identifiable north-south boundary between the two parcels. Attachment #2 shows the proposed configuration of the new lot and the lot addition. It should also be noted that this abutting south property contains an operational resort (Brown’s Lakeview Camp). The eastern half of the lot is zoned Special Recreational Resort Commercial (RRC-42) to accommodate the permitted 40 tourist campsites, three cabins and a dwelling. However, as part of the lot additions and lot creation applications, the applicants also wish to extend the RRC-42 zoning over the west portion of the property and onto the added portion on the north. From a planning perspective this is a supportable proposal because it would eliminate the present split RU/RRC-42 zoning on the property making the zoning provisions easier to administer and allowing the permitted campsites and cabins to be located at a lower density through the whole property and, thus, further from the lakefront.

Page 6 of 97

In terms of planning analysis, all of the subject lands are designated Rural in the Official Plan which permits creation of the proposed residential lot on Crow Lake where the primary means of access is from a private lane. The Plan also permits commercial resorts that attract patrons to the rural and lakefront environment. Thus. In regards to their use, the proposed residential lot and the expanded resort conform to the intent of the Plan. Despite this, the proposed new waterfront lot does not meet the minimum standard for waterfrontage which is 91 metres (300 ft.). Still, it should be recognized that this deficient waterfrontage of 83 metres (272 ft.) already exists as a ‘gap’ between the abutting residential lots on the north and south ie., the application for the new lot is not creating this deficiency. On this basis creation of the lot is supported by Planning. It is also important to acknowledge that Crow Lake has recently been upgraded by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change to an “at capacity” lake trout lake meaning that the province considers that no further development should be permitted at this lake due to the potential harmful effects from phosphorus input etc., into the lake. This was recognized at the consent stage of this proposal where the Rideau Valley Conservation Authority (RVCA) commented that, although they have no objection to the lot creation, they recommend that a minimum setback of 50 metres from the highwater mark of the lake be applied for any new construction and that a minimum 90 metre setback from the lake be applied for the septic system. Attachment #3 is a copy of the RVCA letter dated November 8, 2016. From a planning perspective, the proposal appears to meet the intent of the Official Plan in terms the use, minimum size, location and frontage on a road/lane. The reduced waterfrontage for the new lot appears to be justified based on the above discussion and the extension of the special RRC-42 zone over the whole 17 hectare (42.6 ac.) parcel would allow the permitted campsites/cabins to locate further from the lake and at a more acceptable density. Thus, in summary, the application would amend the zoning by-law as follows:

  1. Zone the proposed new waterfront lot to RRC-115 to recognize its waterfrontage of only 83 metres and to specify a minimum setback from the lake of 50 metres for any structure and a minimum setback from the lake of 90 metres for the septic system,
  2. Extend the special RRC-42 zone onto the whole of the south parcel and onto the added portion to the north so that the whole of the lot is in one zone. All other agencies commented favourably to the proposal at the consent stage. At time of preparation of this report no comments had been received from the public. FINANCIAL and STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS n/a

ATTACHMENTS Attachment #1 – shows the location of subject land Attachment #2 – shows the proposed lot layout Attachment #3 – is a copy of the RVCA letter dated November 8, 2016. Submitted/approved by: Lindsay Mills

Prepared by: Lindsay Mills

BrownZoningReport

Page 7 of 97

ry

Attachment #1

U?W

‘U

‘,/ m

N k

2

S

]S8;h

2

J

WE

,,,s’e- Victoria La S ,* 4’i

*Qt

Crow Lake Y %z

,6

*0

*O

SubjectLand ,NE <

g@4g '

B —-

09AOS-

JJJ

eC


o 2 m .

uJ

2

4

U) 4

.

BobsLake

m ‘p’Ne8hoqes ……. m

r ,… ::.. .%……,.,….-.l.T,,,,,,’,z

m

:Xl 0 o

m 0

a

2

‘>

S

0 115230 460 690 920

Page 8 of 97

f02 rs

1

Attachment #2

ffl

W N

W’

s

‘y l l

‘.

H

l

?Sl s

?Sl

‘S)

g

s

S

Crow Loke

Proposed New Lot /

/

l

l i

t I s l

Proposed l

l l

/

83m Frontage

l

/

Lot Addition

/ I

(

/

{

A;

Y/

T7

l

Proposed Lot Addition

i

l

i

m

/

]

/

!’%, ,!"

t

i

j 1

/

South Lot

/

/ l

l

i

i /

/

S S

/ i

/

/l i

/

7

/

l

i

St x

l

l

I %

k J I

S

t

T

o

50 100

l

l

,cRoW LANE

l

l

200

300

iMetersi 400

/‘S

Page 9 of 97

!1 -J

k

l

IATTACHMENT #3 J

j ‘%

7

%lllw ?i

i

DEAU VALLEY

i i

7

cos4@;‘r’iox aurhoprm 3889 Rideau Valley Drive, F!0. Box 399, Mano+ick, ON K4M 1A5 tel 613-692-357’ l 1-8€0'267-3504 i faX613-692'0!331 ‘, wWN.Nr3.ea

C>r=taswaaaa ?ber8,2016 ?ber 8, 2016

‘1 ? ? g: M V E ?-sev (Bedford) Township of South Frontenac Box’l00

NOV 0 8 2016

SYDENHAM, Ontario

TOWNSHIP OF

KOH 2TO

SOUTH FRONTENAC

Attention: Lindsay Mills

PLANNING DEPARTMiNT % ? N ,, 0 l ? ?

Subject BROWN Consent Application S-56-16 in Lot 28 arid 29 Concession 4 in Bedford ward of

South Frontenac Township (Crow Lake) at Brown’s Lane.

We have conducted site inspection of this property in the company of the owners and Health Unit and we offer the following comments within the context of;

Section 2.1 Natural Heritage (water and wetlands) and Section 3.1 Natural Hazards (flooding

and unstable lands) of the-Provincial Policy Statemerit under Section 3 of the Planning Act, Our Conservation Authority regulation 1 74-06 under Section 28 of the Conservation Authorities Act,

Rideau Lakes Study (1992) and associated Municipal Site Evaluation Guidelines, Tay River Subwatershed Report

The Proposal

The new lot proposed is to be 6.6 acres with 272 feet of waterfront, retaining 96.6 acres with 650 feet of waterfront.

The Property

Soil cover on this site is fast draining sand/gravel over shield bedrock with variable but notable areas

of-depth. Mature/maturing, stable d-eciduous forest cover dominate the site within 80-90 metres of

the w’ater. To the rear or west of the crest of slope (roughly 60-70 metres over most of the frontage) the site levels considerably to an area of less vegetation where there has been past disturbance.

Slope-to water is the most’ notable feature of the 16t, suggesting a 50 metre setback as described by the’Rideau lakes Study and Site Evaluation Guidelines-which consider the site conditions summarized above.

On a more general conditions basis, as summarized in the Tay River Subwatershed Report- Crow Lake catchr;ent summary, Crow Lake, a sensitive Lake Trout-Lake at capacity, is characterized as a lake with clear waters andafairly low nutrient levels. While the surface water is-quite alkaline, good fish- habitat should exist. Abundant aquatic vegetation may occur but the lake should generally have

good aesthetics for recreational use. jhere is some poten!ial for the aquatic ecosystem to be i’ffipacted by increasing nutrients and poor oxygen levels.

Total phosphorus content analysis shows that levels fall below O.5 mg/1, indicating that nutrients are occa-s’iona)’l’y elevated and avaijable in excess amoun’ts at the deep p6i’nt. TKN concentrations are J’

Page 1 of 2

Page 10 of 97

fairly consistent across shoreline and deep point sites, as well as year to year. The Water Quality

Index rating for Crow Lake is “Fair”, due to i’nstances of nutrient exceedaiices and slightly elevated pH (alkaline conditions).

Generally, nutrient loading, which can stimulate algae blooms and aquatic vegetation growth is not a

significant problem in these near shore areas. Water clarity sampiing shows rhat all readings have exceeded the minimum Provincial Water Quality Objective (PWQO) of 2 metres, indicating that waters are usually clear and sufficient sunlight rs ab!e to penetrate the water column to support aquatic life.

Dissolved oxygen/temperature and pH in spring and early summer typical)y have conditions for fish

habitat but as ;emperatures warm and the deeper waters-are depleted of oxygen, limiting habitat available in rate summer and early fall. R’ecommendations

Given the site conditions, mainly driven by slope to water, the RVCA recomr6ends that a 50 metre setback for disturbance development be imposed on the proposed lot through specific zonirig.

We also support the 2007 MOEE requirement for lake protection, to situate a new septic system at least 90 metres from the high water mark of the lake, although we recognize that the current zoning requirements of the Township do not impose this standard.

Piease advise us on the committee’s decision on the application or any changes in the status of the

application.

Thank you for the opportunity to comment and please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned at

(613) 267-5353 x 131 should you have any questions.

Yours truly, k.’? [?r,:r’.- Martha Bradburn RVCA Environmental Planner 613 267 5353 xl3l cc- E and D Brown

-KFLA DHU- J McGurn

Page 2 of 2

Page 11 of 97

Minutes of Council February, 14, 2017 Time: 6:00 PM Location: Council Chambers Meeting # 3 Present: Mayor Ron Vandewal, Brad Barbeau, John McDougall, Alan Revill, Norm Roberts, Mark Schjerning, Ron Sleeth, Ross Sutherland Staff: Wayne Orr, Chief Administrative Officer, Lindsay Mills, Planner, Mark Segsworth, Public Works Manager, Angela Maddocks, Executive Assistant. 1.

Call to Order

a)

Resolution Resolution No. 2017-3-01 Moved by Councillor Sleeth Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT the Council meeting of February 14, 2017 be called to order at 6:00 p.m. Carried

Declaration of pecuniary interest and the general nature thereof-n/a

a)

Deputy Mayor Roberts thanked Council and staff for the expressions of sympathy he received in his recent loss of his father and mother-in-law.

Scheduled Closed Session

a)

Resolution Resolution No. 2017-3-02 Moved by Councillor Sleeth Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT the Council meeting of February 14, 2017 move into closed session to discuss matters about an identifiable individual and property acquisition. Carried

b)

Matters about an Identifiable Individual, to be raised by Councillor Schjerning

c)

Property Acquisition

d)

Resolution Resolution No. 2017-3-03 Moved by Councillor Sleeth Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT Council move out of closed session. Carried

***Recess - reconvene at 7:00 p.m. for Open Session

Public Meeting - n/a

Delegations

a)

Resolution

Page 12 of 97

Page 2 of 7 Minutes of Council February, 14, 2017 Resolution No. 2017-3-04 Moved by Councillor Sleeth Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT Council suspend the procedural rules limiting delegations to Committee of the Whole meetings and receive delegations at the Council Meeting of February 14, 2017. Carried b)

Mark Segsworth, Public Works Manager, re: Waste Free Ontario Presentation Mr. Segsworth reviewed the framework for the proposed legislation and the Waste-Free Ontario Act noting that the goal is to move towards zero waste in the Province and zero GHG emissions from the waste sector to support a circular economy.

Approval of Minutes

a)

Council Meeting of January 17, 2017 Resolution No. 2017-3-05 Moved by Councillor Sleeth Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT Council approve the minutes of the January 17, 2017 Council meeting. Carried

b)

Committee of the Whole Meeting of January 24, 2017 Resolution No. 2017-3-06 Moved by Councillor Sleeth Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT Council approve the minutes of the January 24, 2017 Committee of the Whole meeting. Carried

Business Arising from the Minutes

a)

Notice of Motion - Moratorium on the Accommodation Review Process Resolution No. 2017-3-07 Moved by Councillor Sleeth Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT Council endorse the resolution passed by the Town of Greater Napanee requesting that a moratorium be placed on the accommodation review process. Carried

b)

Notice of Motion - South Frontenac Rides - Share the Road Report Resolution No. 2017-3-08 Moved by Councillor Sutherland Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT Council endorse the inclusion of active transportation in our transportation and community planning and that the Share the Road Report be referred to the Public Works Department to review the work plan and identify tasks that align with the Township’s strategic directions and identify opportunities to make South Frontenac a more bicycle friendly community,

Page 13 of 97

Page 3 of 7 Minutes of Council February, 14, 2017 AND further that the Share the Road Report be forwarded to the County of Frontenac for their consideration and support. Carried c)

Notice of Motion - Signage Retro-Reflectivity Resolution No. 2017-3-09 Moved by Councillor Sleeth Seconded by Councillor McDougall THAT Council receive the Public Works Department report on Signage RetroReflectivity tabled January 17, 2017, AND THAT Council direct staff to prepare a plan to achieve full legislative compliance with the Minimum Maintenance Standards for Retro-Reflectivity and signage by June 2018; AND THAT Council be prepared to consider the budgetary implications of this expectation as part of the 2018 preliminary budget.

Resolution No. 2017-3-10 Moved by Councillor Sutherland Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT this matter be referred to the Public Services Committee to develop a plan for full compliance and report back in six months. Carried d)

Lindsay Mills, Planner, re: Amendments to Site Plan Control By-law See By-law 2017-03

Reports Requiring Action

a)

Tim Laprade, Arena & Recreation Supervisor, re: Noise and Camping Exemptions Resolution No. 2017-3-11 Moved by Councillor Revill Seconded by Councillor Sutherland THAT subject to a decision of the Frontenac Community Arena Board of Directors to enter into an agreement with the Sea to Sea Cycling to end Poverty initiative organizers; THAT Council exempt the Sea to Sea Cycling to end Poverty initiative taking place on Friday, August 11, 2017 at the Frontenac Community Arena from the Township’s noise bylaw as requested; AND FURTHER that Council provide a one-time exemption to permit camping at the Frontenac Community Arena for the sole use for the group’s tents during the Sea to Sea Cycling to end Poverty initiative as requested. Carried

b)

Lindsay Mills, Planner, re: Calculation of Parkland Dedication Fees required as a condition of Consent/Subdivision Approvals.

Page 14 of 97

Page 4 of 7 Minutes of Council February, 14, 2017 Council provided direction to Mr. Mills on changes to the draft by-law. c)

Mark Segsworth, Public Works Manager, re: Tender No. PW-2017-01 - 2017 Surface Treatment Program Resolution No. 2017-3-12 Moved by Councillor Revill Seconded by Councillor Sutherland THAT Council approves the bid of Smiths Construction Company for the supply and application of the Township’s Surface Treatment in the amount of $641,155.28 including all applicable taxes. Carried

d)

Mark Segsworth, Public Works Manager, re: Operation and Maintenance of the Sydenham Water System. Resolution No. 2017-3-13 Moved by Councillor Sutherland Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT the Township of South Frontenac enter into a contract with Utilities Kingston to extend the Operation and Maintenance of the Sydenham Water System until December 31, 2021, as per the Terms and Conditions of the Sydenham Water Services Proposal dated November 30, 2016. And that the Mayor and CAO be authorized to sign this contract on behalf of the Township of South Frontenac. Carried

e)

Mark Segsworth, Public Works Manager, re: Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Operations - Contract Extension Resolution No. 2017-3-14 Moved by Councillor Sutherland Seconded by Councillor Revill THAT Council approve a one year contract extension with Brendar Environmental for the operations of the Household Hazardous Waste Facility to March 31, 2018, as per the terms and conditions as specified in RFP-PW-P012015. Carried

f)

Mark Segsworth, Public Works Manager, re: Extension of Garbage and Recycling Collection Contracts Resolution No. 2017-3-15 Moved by Councillor Schjerning Seconded by Councillor McDougall THAT Council approve a three year extension for Garbage and Recycling Collection to Percy Snider and Brian Larmon to August 31, 2020, as per the Terms and Conditions as specified in RFP. Carried

g)

Wayne Orr, Chief Administrative Officer, re: Committee Appointments Staff were provided direction on the appointments Council members have

Page 15 of 97

Page 5 of 7 Minutes of Council February, 14, 2017 agreed to. This will be brought forward to the next Council meeting to be approved by by-law. h)

Angela Maddocks, Executive Assistant, re: February 28, 2017 Committee of the Whole Meeting Resolution No. 2017-3-16 Moved by Councillor McDougall Seconded by Councillor Schjerning THAT Council cancel the February 28, 2017 Committee of the Whole meeting as both the Mayor and Deputy Mayor will be at the OGRA Conference. Carried

Committee Meeting Minutes

a)

Verona Community Association meeting of November 9, 2016

b)

Public Services Committee meeting of December 15, 2016

c)

Bedford District Recreation meeting of January 9, 2017

d)

Corporate Services Committee meeting of December 16, 2016 Resolution No. 2017-3-17 Moved by Councillor Schjerning Seconded by Councillor McDougall THAT Council receives for information the minutes of the following committee meetings:  Verona Community Association meeting of November 9, 2016  Public Services Committee meeting of December 15, 2016  Bedford District Recreation Committee meeting of January 9, 2017.  Corporate Services Committee meeting of December 16, 2016 Carried

By-Laws

a)

By-law 2017-03 - Site Plan Control - Community Facility Resolution No. 2017-3-18 Moved by Councillor McDougall Seconded by Councillor Schjerning THAT By-law 2017-03, be given first and second reading. Carried Resolution No. 2017-3-19 Moved by Councillor McDougall Seconded by Councillor Schjerning THAT By-law 2017-03, being a by-law to amend By-law 2003-25, to include community facility uses in the list of specific land uses, be given third reading, signed and sealed. Carried

Reports for Information

a)

Accounts Payable and Payroll Listing

Page 16 of 97

Page 6 of 7 Minutes of Council February, 14, 2017 b)

Tender No. PW-2017-02 - 2017 Micro Surfacing Program

c)

Tender No. PW-2017-03 Purchase of One Half Ton Extended Cab 4 X 4 Pickup Truck

d)

Tender No. PW-2017-04 Purchase of One 2017 Model 3/4 Ton Truck with Plow Equipment

e)

Councillor Sutherland - Report from ROMA Conference - January 29-31, 2017

f)

Councillor McDougall - Report from ROMA Conference - January 29-31, 2017

Information Items

a)

Robert Charest, Trail Committee Report - January 2017

b)

Pam Vaughan, re: Wolfe Lake Road Solar Project

c)

Lisa Baum, Manager, Canada 150 Community Infrastructure Program, re: Funding Application

d)

Stephen C. Lougheed, Biology & Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, re: Skycroft Campground

e)

Honourable Jeff Leal, Minister of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, re: Launch of renewed Rural Economic Development (RED) Program.

f)

Around the Rideau - January/February 2017 Newsletter

Notice of Motions

a)

Councillor Sutherland served a notice of motion regarding the Arena Board and FIT projects.

b)

Councillor Sutherland served a notice of motion regarding micro surfacing and surface treatment.

Announcements

a)

Councillor Revill informed Council of the Ontario 150 grant that the Arena has been awarded to assist with equipment replacement.

b)

Councillor Sutherland requested a listing of current subdivisions that are pending approval.

c)

Councillor Sutherland commended Councillor McDougall’s report from the ROMA Conference. He requested that the issue of social media identified in the report be considered by the Corporate Services Committee.

d)

Deputy Mayor Roberts suggested that a flag unique for South Frontenac be designed to commemorate Canada’s 150th. He suggested the township logo with a white background be part of the design. Wayne Orr will provide details on cost and design for consideration.

Question of Clarity (from the public on outcome of agenda items) - n/a

Closed Session - n/a

Page 17 of 97

Page 7 of 7 Minutes of Council February, 14, 2017 18.

Confirmatory By-law

a)

By-law 2017-04 Resolution No. 2017-3-20 Moved by Councillor McDougall Seconded by Councillor Schjerning THAT By-law 2017-04, being a by-law to confirm generally previous actions of the Council of the Township of South Frontenac be given first and second reading this 14 day of February 2017. Carried Resolution No. 2017-3-21 Moved by Councillor Schjerning Seconded by Councillor McDougall THAT By-law 2017-04, being a by-law to confirm generally previous actions of the Council of the Township of South Frontenac, be given third reading, signed and sealed this 14 day of February, 2017. Carried

Adjournment

a)

Resolution Resolution No. 2017-3-22 Moved by Councillor McDougall Seconded by Councillor Schjerning THAT the Council meeting of February 14, 2017 be adjourned at 9:00 p.m. Carried

Ron Vandewal, Mayor

Wayne Orr, Chief Administrative Officer

Page 18 of 97

REPORT TO COUNCIL CLERKS DEPARTMENT

AGENDA DATE: February 21, 2017 SUBJECT Notice of Motion – Arena Board and FIT Project.

RECOMMENDATION That South Frontenac ask the Arena Board to consider installing a FIT solar project on the arena property.

BACKGROUND Council’s Procedural By-Law 2016-71 establishes the process for Notice of Motion as outlined below. At the Council meeting of February 14, 2017, Councillor Sutherland served notice of motion to have Council request that the Arena Board consider installing a FIT solar project on their property. A notice of motion requires a seconder at the next regular Council meeting. If seconded, the motion is debated and then voted upon.

FINANCIAL and STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS No direct cost to the Township.

ATTACHMENTS None

Submitted/approved by:

Prepared by:

Wayne Orr, CAO

Wayne Orr, CAO

Our strength is our community. Page 19 of 97

REPORT TO COUNCIL CLERKS DEPARTMENT

AGENDA DATE: February 21, 2017 SUBJECT Notice of Motion – Surface Treatment and Micro Surfacing.

RECOMMENDATION Whereas the unit cost increase for surface treatment has increased 43% from 2011 to 2017 for single surface and 46% for double surface, a yearly average of 7.2% and 7.7%, and Whereas the unit price for micro surfacing has increased 25% between 2015 and 2017, or 12.5% a year, and Whereas during the recent past oil prices, a major input into these treatments has dropped from 115 per barrel in 2011 to 52 dollars in 2017 having rebounded from a low of 29 dollars per barrel, and Whereas labour cost in Canada, another main component of the cost in road treatment industry has increased an average of 1.5% from 2011 to 2017, and whereas there is very limited competition in the surface treatment and microsurfacing industry, and Whereas surface treatments and micro-surfacing make up a substantial portion of our roads budget, 1,009, 682 dollars in 2017, and a substantial portion of our overall Township budget, Therefore, be it resolved that South Frontenac approach other eastern Ontario municipalities to explore the possibly of cooperating in the purchase of these services or in jointly providing these services. he recommendation should be drafted the same as you wish it to appear in the council resolution. Please align text to the left.

BACKGROUND Council’s Procedural By-Law 2016-71 establishes the process for Notice of Motion as outlined below. At the Council meeting of February 14, 2017, in response to the reports from the Public Works Manager concerning recent RFP results, Councillor Sutherland served notice of motion to have Council direct staff to explore cooperative purchasing or provision of services as it relates to surface treatment and micro surfacing. A notice of motion requires a seconder at the next regular Council meeting. If seconded, the motion is debated and then voted upon.

FINANCIAL and STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS Not assessed at this time.

ATTACHMENTS None

Our strength is our community.

Page 20 of 97

REPORT TO COUNCIL CLERKS DEPARTMENT

Submitted/approved by:

Prepared by:

Wayne Orr, CAO

Wayne Orr, CAO

Our strength is our community.

Page 21 of 97

REPORT TO COUNCIL CLERKS DEPARTMENT

AGENDA DATE: February 21, 2017 SUBJECT Committee Appointments.

RECOMMENDATION That Council pass By Law 2017-05 to update membership on various Committees of Council.

BACKGROUND On February 14, Council provided direction to staff on changes to the membership on various Council committees and directed that the information be brought back in bylaw format for adoption. Specifically the new composition / membership will be as follows: Corporate Services Committee: • Al Revill • Ross Sutherland • Brad Barbeau Public Services Committee: • Ron Sleeth • Mark Schjerning • John McDougall Councillor appointments to: • Verona Community Association – Brad Barbeau • Community Caring - Brad Barbeau

FINANCIAL and STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS No direct cost to the Township.

ATTACHMENTS See By Law 2017–05

Submitted/approved by:

Prepared by:

Wayne Orr, CAO

Wayne Orr, CAO

Our strength is our community.

Page 22 of 97

REPORT TO COUNCIL FIRE DEPARTMENT

AGENDA DATE: February 21, 2017 SUBJECT By-law to Regulate Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Appliances.

RECOMMENDATION That Council direct the Planning department to forward a draft By-law to Regulate Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Appliances for review and adoption, further, have the Building department create a permit system similar to the wood stove permit system and incorporate into our existing fees By-law.

BACKGROUND Concerns have been brought to the Townships attention concerning adverse health problems as a direct result of emissions from an outdoor furnace. The Fire Chief, the Ministry of Environment, the CAO and the Chief Building Official received calls regarding the situation on February 13, 2017. The Fire Chief and MOE attend the address that afternoon. While there was smoke coming from the furnace it appeared to be blowing north of the houses, the furnace was inspected and was being used properly. It was suggested to the owner at that time to possibly add an extension to the flue pipe in an effort to direct the smoke over the houses thus resolving the issue. The owner indicated an extension had been ordered. February 14, 2017 the MOE received another call with the same complaint of smoke in the house and adverse health problems. February 15, 2017 the CAO and MOE received a third call of complaint with the same issues. That same evening a 911 call was placed stating ‘house full of smoke occupant having difficulty breathing’ the fire department responded and provided first aid and notified ambulance to respond, there were zero readings in the house however the was a smell of smoke. A meeting has been scheduled for February 24, 2017 with MOE and Township staff to further discuss this issue.

FINANCIAL and STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS Fire department responses, staffing time

ATTACHMENTS Loyalist Township By-law 2005-87 Canadian Council of Ministries – Code of Practice Residential Wood Burning Appliances.

Submitted/approved by:

Prepared by:

Rick Chesebrough, Fire Chief

Rick Chesebrough, Fire Chief

Our strength is our community.

Page 23 of 97

THE CORPORATION OF LOYALIST TOWNSHIP BY-LAWNUMBER2005-87 Being a By-law to Regulate Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Appliances WHEREAS Section 125(2) of the Municipal Act. 2001. S.0. 2001, c. 25, authorizes the Corporation of Loyalist Township to enter upon land and into structures at any reasonable time for inspection purposes in order to determine compliance with any bylaw passed under subsection 125(1)

ANDWHEREASthe Council of The Corporation of LoyalistTownship is empowered by subsection 125(1)of the MunicipalAct. 2001. S.O. 2001, chap. 25, to regulatethe use and installation of heating and cooking appliances; NOW THEREFORE the Council of The Corporation of Loyalist Township enacts as follows:

  1. DEFINITIONS a) “Lot” means a parcel of land described in deed or other document legally capable of conveying an interest in land or designated by an originalsurvey or by a registered plan;

b) “Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Appliances” means an outdoor wood-burning furnace or othersolid fuel burning appliancedesigned and intendedto supply heatto airor waterand that is housed or situated in an out-building or otherwisephysicallyseparated from the building to which it is to provide heatedair and water; and c) “Waste” means any material defined as “waste” in Section 25 of the Environmental Protection Act. R. S. 0. 1990, Chapter E19, as amended.

  1. Subject to section 3 hereof, this. by-law applies to alt lands within the geographic limits of The Corporation of Loyalist Township.

  2. This by-lawshall not applyin respectof any lands upon whichan OutdoorSolid Fuel Combustion Appliance has been installed prior to the effective date of this by-law provided that the physical location of such appliance, or any replacement thereof, remains unchanged.

  3. No person shall use an Outdoor Solid Fuel CombustionApplianceon a lot unless: (a) the lot Is situated In an area designated in the Townshipof LoyalistZoning By-lawas a Rural zone, Restricted Agriculture zone or Prime Agriculture zone;

(b) on all lots the following is required: (i)

A minimum lot area of two (2) hectares (5 acres);

(ii)

OutdoorSolid Fuel CombustionAppliancesshall be located not less than 61

(iii)

metres (200 feet) from all lot lines; and Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Appliances shall be located not less than 9 metres (30 feet) from any building or structure on the same lot; except a solid fuel storage structure.

(c) the OutdoorSolid Fuel CombustionAppliances hasa chimneyfitted with a rain cap equippedwith a sparkarrester to manufacturer’sspecifications; (d) the installation and maintenanceofthe Outdoor Solid Fuel CombustionApplianceis in Compliance with;

(I)

the OntarioBuilding Code;

(ii)

the manufacturers installation instructions and specifications, including any recommended separation distances; and

(Ill)

all other applicable law; and

(f) a Building Permit has been issued for the installation of the Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Appliance by the Chief Building Official of Loyalist Township

Page 24 of 97

5. No person shall use an OutdoorSolid Fuel CombustionAppliance unless the area around and under it:

(i)

is comprised of gravel, sand or some other non-combustible material;

(it)

extends radially a minimum of 3 feet from all exterior sides of the Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Appliance; and is not less than 10 centimetere (4 inches) in depth.

(iii)

  1. No person shall use an Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Appliancefor the incineration of Waste.

  2. No person shall use an Outdoor Solid Fuel Combustion Applianceexcept in compliancewith the requirements of this By-Law, including all minimum Lotarea, separation distanceand regulatory requirements provided under section 4 hereof.

  3. A Muniapal building inspector or by-law enforcement officer may, upon producing identification, enter upon and inspectany land in orderto ensure compliance with this bylaw.

  4. No person shall obstruct, hinder, delay or prevent a municipal by-law enforcement officer in the exerciseof his or herinspection powers pursuantto this by-law.

  5. Any person who contravenes this by-lawis guilty of an offence.

ENACTEDAND PASSEDTHIS 8TH DAYOFAUGUST, 2005. THE CORPORATION OF LOYALIST TOWNSHIP

Clerk

Page 25 of 97

CCME Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment

Le Conseil Canadian dos ministres de renvlronnement

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR RESIDENTIAL WOOD BURNING APPLIANCES

PN 1479 ISBN 978-1-896997-87-2 PDF

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2012

Page 26 of 97

TABLEOF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………………iii LISTOF ABBREVIATIONSAND ACRONYMS …………………………………………… v 1.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………… 1

  1. 1 About this Code………………………………………………………………………… 2

  2. 2 Scope and Limitations……………………………………………………………….. 3

  3. 0 Health and Environmental Impacts…………………………………………………….. 4

  4. 1 Wood Smoke Health Effects……………………………………………………….^

  5. 2 Nuisance Impacts of Wood Smoke………………………………………………. 5

  6. 3 Impact on Climate Change…………………………………………………………. 5

  7. 0 Wood Burning Appliances - Definition of Types ………………………………….6

  8. 1 Wood Stoves……………………………………………………………………………. 6

  9. 2 Pellet Stoves…………………………………………………………………………….. 7

  10. 3 Fireplaces…………………………………………………………………………………?

    1. 1 Conventional fireplaces………………………………………………….. 8
    1. 2 Advanced Technology Fireplaces……………………………………. 8
    1. 3 Fireplace Inserts ……………………………………………………………9
  11. 4 Central Heating…………………………………………………………………………. 9

  12. 5 Wood Cook Stoves…………………………………………………………………..

10

3.6 Masonry Heaters…………………………………………………………………….. 10 4. 0 Standards, Initiatives, and Regulations ……………………………………………. 11 4. 1 Canadian Standards for Wood Burning Appliances………………………. 11 4. 1. 1 Canada’s Model Municipal By-law for Wood-Burning Appliances (2006)……………………………………………………….. 13 4. 1. 2 Natural Resources Canada’s Energy Efficiency Rebate

Program…………………………………………………………………….. 13 4. 1. 3 Natural Resources Canada’s R2000 Housing Standard……. 13 4. 2 Provincial and Territorial Initiatives and Regulations…………………….. 14

  1. 3 United States - Federal (US EPA) Initiatives ……………………………….. 18
    1. 1 US EPA Initiatives: Hydronic Heaters -Voluntary

Partnership Program…………………………………………………… 19 4. 3. 2 US EPA Initiatives: Wood Burning Fireplace Program Voluntary Partnership………………………………………………….. 19 4. 4 Additional Regulations and By-laws in Other Jurisdictions…………….. 20

5.0 Wood Smoke ManagementToolbox…………………………………………………. 20 5. 1 Regulating Appliance Efficiency ………………………………………………… 21 5. 2 Air Quality Advisories and ‘No-Burn Days’…………………………………… 22 5. 3 Limits on Installation or Operation of Wood Burning Appliances…….. 24 5. 4 Incentives to Change……………………………………………………………….. 25 5. 4. 1 Change-out Program Potential Pitfalls …………………………….. 25 5. 4. 2 Change-out Program Success: British Columbia’s Code of Practice for Residential

Wood BurningAppliances

Page 27 of 97

Provincial Wood Stove Exchange Program ……………………………… 26

5.4. 3 Change-out Program Success: City of Libby Montana’s Wood Stove Exchange Program……………………………………………..

27

  1. 5 Public Outreach and Education …………………………………………………. 28

  2. 6 Performance Management- Planning for and Measuring Success… 31

    1. 1 Emissions Calculator Tool for Wood Stove and

Fireplace Change-outs………………………………………………………….. 32

LISTOF FIGURES Figure 1: Hrovinciai h’M2.5 Lmissions hrom Kesidential Wood Combustion In 2010…………………………………………………………………………………. 2

Figure 2: Example Pamphlet…………………………………………………………………….

30

LISTOF TABLES: Table 1: National Economic Costs Summary: 2008, 2015, 2031 and

Total 2008-2031 ………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Table 2: Comparison of US EPA and CSA B415. 10 Wood Burning Appliance Particulate Matter (PM) Emission Limits……………………………………………………..

12

APPENDIX: Model

By-law and Regulatory Elements for Residential Wood Burning Appliances …… 33

Code of Practice for Residential

Wood Burning Appliances

Page 28 of 97

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances was developed by CCME’s Wood Combustion Working Group with the assistance ofLevelton Consultants Ltd. CCME Wood Combustion Working Group

Mr. Darrell Welles (Working Group Chair, New Brunswick Environment and Local Government)

Ms. LizDykman(CCME) Mr. Marcus Kellerhals (British Columbia Environment) Ms. Rebecca Freedman (British Columbia Environment) Mr. John Newdick (Ontario Ministry of the Environment) Ms. Diane Boulet (City of Montreal) Mr. Barry Jessiman (Health Canada) Dr. Julie Saxton (Metro Vancouver) The Working Group acknowledges the assistance of the following agencies: Federal Environment Canada Health Canada

US Environmental Protection Agency Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) Provinces/States

Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development British Columbia Ministry of Environment Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Environment and Conservation Northwest Territories Department of Environment andNatural Resources Nova Scotia Department of the Environment Nunavut Department of the Environment Ontario Ministry of the Environment Prince EdwardIsland Department of Environment Quebec Ministere du Developpement durable, de 1’Environnement de la Faune et des Pares

Saskatchewan Ministry of the Environment Environment Yukon

Yukon Energy Solutions Centre Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), California Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment IdahoDepartment of Environmental Quality Michigan Department ofEnvironmental Quality North Eastern States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Oregon Department ofAir Quality Puget Sound Clean Air Agency (PSCAA)

Code of Practice for Residential

Wood Burning Appliances

Page 29 of 97

Vermont Agency of Natural Resources & Environmental Protection Washington State Department of Ecology Western States Air Resources Council (WESTAR) Districts/Municipalities

Calgary, Planning,Development& Assessment,Alberta Edmonton Environmental Services, Alberta Metro Vancouver, British Columbia Prince Albert Public Works, British Columbia

Village ofMemramcook, New Brunswick Town of Hay River, Northwest Territories Metropolitan Region of Halifax, Nova Scotia Region of Durham, Ontario Region of Peel, Ontario Region of York, Ontario Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Ontario Toronto Public Health, Ontario

Town of East Gwillimbury, Ontario Town ofNation, Ontario

Ville de Montreal, Quebec City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan City ofRegina, Saskatchewan City ofWhitehorse, Yukon Industry Associations Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association of Canada

Wood Energy Technology Transfer Inc. Non-Government Organizations

GTA Clean Air Partnership, Ontario The Wood Heat Organization, Ontario

Code of Practice for Residential

Wood Burning Appliances

Page 30 of 97

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AQHI /mJ

Air Quality Heath Index Micrograms per cubic metre

BTU

British thermal unit(s)

CCME

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment

CMHC

Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation

C02

Carbon Dioxide

CSA

Canadian Standards Association

CSA

CSA Standard for Performance Testing of Solid-Fuel-Buming Heating

B415. 10

Appliances, editionB415. 1 (2010)

cws

Canada-wide standards

EPEA"

Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act

g

gram(s)

GHG(s)

Greenhouse gas (gases)

GTA

Greater Toronto Area

hr

Hour(s)

kg

Kilogram(s)

kt

Kilotonne(s)

kWh

Kilowatt hour(s)

MJ

Megajoule

mm

Millimetre(s)

mmBTU

1 million BTU

NAAQS

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NRCan

Natural Resources Canada

NSPS

New Source Performance Standard

PAH(s)

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon(s)

PM

Airborne particles with an upper size limit of approximately 100 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter

PMio PM, SLCF(s)

Airborneparticlesthatare 10micrometers or less in aerodynamicdiameter Airborneparticlesthatare 2.5 micrometers or less in aerodynamicdiameter, also referred to as fine particulate matter Short Lived Climate Forcer(s) Metric tonne(s)

USEPA

United States Environmental Protection Agency

voc

Volatile Organic Compounds (often written as VOCs)

Alberta RSA 2000, c E-12. Seewebsite: httD://wvT. aD.alberta. ca/documents/Acts/E12. Ddf

Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances

Page 31 of 97

1. 0

Introduction

The Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances (the Code) has been developed to enhance governmental approaches to air pollution caused by residential wood burning. The goal of the Code is to provide federal, provincial, territorial, and municipal governments with tools and information to support their wood smoke management activities.

Residential wood burning has been a significant source of domestic heat throughout Canada’s history. The use ofwood as a fuel for residential heatingis popular for many reasons. Woodis a renewable source of energy that requires minimal processing. It can provide a degree of selfsufRciencyby reducingdependencyon purchased energy and canprovide an alternative heating source when and where other power is not available. Wood can be very competitive in price compared to other sources of energy and may provide additional economic benefits for rural communities engaged in woodlot production. Wood burning appliances can also provide a pleasant aesthetic and social experience, and an evening around the fireplace or woodstove is a valued tradition in many Canadianhomes.

The energy in wood is released through the process of combustion. This is not necessarily problematic. However, when combustion is incomplete, air pollutants are emitted in much greater quantities. Higher levels of air pollutants are typically generated during fire start-up and when wood is smouldering. This is usually evident by white or gray visible smoke exiting the chimney. Higher than normal air pollutant emissions can also occur when a wood burning appliance is performing poorly, where fuel quality is suboptimal, or where treated wood or wood with high moisture content (typically greater than 20%) is used. Advanced technology appliances, which conform to the United States Environmental Protection

Agency’s (US EPA) Standards of Performancefor New ResidentialWoodHeaters, Section 60532 of the 1988 Clean Air Act, subpart AAAZ or conform to the Canadian Standards Association’s (CSA) Performance Testing of Solid Fuel Burning Heating Appliances (CSA B415. 1)3 are less likely to create pollution problems if operated according to manufacturer’s instructions.

The release of air pollutants from wood burning can have serious health and environmental impacts. Exposure can exasperate chronic health issues like bronchitis and asthma and can contribute to premature death. Environmental impacts include reduced visibility (haze), crop damage, and greater vulnerability to disease in some plant species.

It is difficult to quantify all of the pollution emissions from wood burning, but in 2010 it was estimated that 104 kilotonnes (kt)4 of fine particulate matter (airborne particles that are 2.5

micrometers or less in aerodynamic diameter - PMzj) was emitted to the atmosphere in Canada See website: ht4)://www. epa. gov/compliance/resources/policies/monitonng/caa/woodstoverule. pdf Performance Testing of Solid-Fuel Burning Stoves, Inserts and Low-Burn-Rate Factory-Built Appliances, A National Standard of Canada. See website: httD://mha-net. ora/docs/CSA-B451b. PDF

Source: National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), Pollutant Inventories and Reporting Division, Environment Canada (March, 2012)

Code of Practice for Residential

Wood Burning Appliances

Page 32 of 97

from residential wood combustion. A provincial breakdown of these emissions is provided in Figure 1.

FIGURE 1: PROVINCIALPM2.5 EMISSIONSFROM RESIDENTIALWOODCOMBUSTION IN2010

IS tt>

120,000 ^ (0 a> c c

B

80, 000

(0

60,000

c 0 m

-a

E IU Ut (M

104, 087

100,000

45, 854

40,000 23, 041

20,000

1.725 2,350 3,369 4,835 5,170 5,565

11, 063

0

a?

-^’

^ .

ty

^

»

..a>

^

^

" / <// ^<^/>^ ^ ^ ^ .

00' _^?" ^p' ;?s° <^' It is hopedthat through a combination ofpolicy options andvoluntary (non-regulatory) programs such as those described in this Code, wood burning emissions can be substantially reduced. Additional guidance on the appropriate use of wood heat systems can be found in the Canada Housing and Mortgage Corporation publication A Guide to Residential Wood Heating. 1. 1 About this Code The Code was developed by the CanadianCouncil of Ministers ofthe Environment (CCME) to assist municipal, federal, provincial, and territorial governments in their response to au- quality problems, energy efficiency, firewood and carbon conservation, and enhance measures for fire prevention and protection. The Code will aid municipalities in by-law and program development to help drive change-outs ofconventional woodburningappliancesin favourofadvancedtechnology (certified) appliances and fireplaces. Where municipal authority does not exist in jurisdictions this code may apply to provincial regulations. 6 See website: httD://www. cmhG-schl. ac. ca/en/co/maho/enefcosa/uDload/wood heating EN W. cdf Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances Page 33 of 97 The Code also provides guidance on wood burning curtailment in response to air quality advisories, along with emissions testing for individual sources, and complaint response strategies - all ofwhichprovide useful reference points for the development ofwood smoke management plans. Adopting a wood smoke management plan and engaging residents in addressing heavy wood burning activity is an important responsibility, especially when atmospheric conditions may prevent dispersion of smoke away from a community or region. The Code, therefore, provides advice based on six best practices for consideration by jurisdictions in designing policies and programs to reduce wood smoke emissions (see Section 5. 0). The Code also provides guidanceforjurisdictions in the form ofA ModelBy-law andRegulatory Elements for Residential Wood Burning Appliances (see Appendix 1). Jurisdictional background information on wood smoke management is located in Review of Municipal, Provincial and Federal Policies for Wood Burning Appliances in Selected Canadian and U. S. Jurisdictions (CCME, 2012)8. 1. 2 Scope and Limitations The Code focuses on residential wood burning; it is not intended for industrial or commercial scale applications. Other frameworks may apply to wood-fired combustors, commercial, institutional, or industrial wood burning units, boilers, thermal plants and the heating of large residential units. Jurisdictions should note that this Code is not intended to promote wood burning over other fuel burning appliances. However, CCMEdoes encouragethose individualswho wishto use a wood burning appliance or fireplace to purchase the cleanest model available and to operate it appropriately, as indicated in this Code. There may be websites linked to and from this Code that are operated or created by or for organizationsoutsideofCCME. Those organizationsare solely responsiblefor the operationand information (including the right to display such information) found on their respective websites. The linking to or from this Code does not imply on the part of CCME any endorsement or guarantee of any of the organizations or information (including the right to display such information) found on their respective websites. These linked websites may or may not be available in French. CCME does not assume and is not responsible for any liability whatsoever for the linking of any of these linked websites, the operation or content (including the right to display such information) of any of the linked websites, nor for any of the information, interpretation, comments or opinions expressed in any of the linked websites. Any comments or inquiries regarding the linked websites are to be directed to the organization for whom the particular website is being operated. See www. ccme. ca Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances Page 34 of 97 2. 0 Health and Environmental Impacts Woodsmoke contains a complex mixture ofairpollutants, includinga number of"non-threshold pollutants" for which there is some probability of harm at any level of exposure (e. g., PM2. 5). Exposure to these substances should always be minimized. Exposure to wood smoke pollutants can occur both indoors and outdoors. Outdoor exposure is affected by factors such as poor combustion, poor wind dispersal, and other atmospheric conditions.Indoorair quality canbe impactedby woodsmoke contaminantsdrawnfrom outside, and also through leakage from pipes or back-drafting from chimneys. 2. 1 Wood Smoke Health Effects The people most susceptible to the negative health effects ot wood smoke emissions are young children and older adults, especially those with existing cardiovascular and respiratory conditions or vascular complications from diabetes. Studies of wood smoke exposure have documented respiratory symptoms such as increased congestion and wheezing among children between the agesofone andfive, andreported cough, sore throat, chestlightnessandphlegm amongadults. Longterm exposure to elevated levels of airborne particulate matter from wood smoke has been linked to reduced lung function, development of asthma and chronic bronchitis, heart problems andpremature mortality.8 Short-term exposureto elevated levels ofPM has also beenassociated with acute bronchitis, asthma attacks, aggravation of lung diseases and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Residential wood combustion emissions also contain sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide,volatile organiccompounds (VOCs)and othertoxic or carcinogeniccompounds such as benzene, formaldehyde and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including benzo(a)pyrene, and dioxins. Although the effects of these carcinogens on human health via exposure to wood smoke have not been extensively studied, they still raise additional health concerns regarding long term exposure to wood stove emissions. While it is difficult to separate out the relative health risks and associated costs of wood smoke emissions from other air pollutants, Canadian Medical Association (CMA) statistics indicate significant economic penalties due to air pollution in general. Canadianhealth costs associated with acute premature mortality resulting from smog (fine particulate matter and ozone) are summarized in Table 1. The CMA has estimated that air pollution accounted for 2 1,000 deaths in Basrur, Sheela V. 2002. Toronto Medical Officer of Health, Air Pollution from Wood burning Fireplaces and Stoves Woodsmoke Health Effects: A Review, Inhalatlon Toxlcology, 19:67-106, 2007 8 US EPA. Bum Wise: Consumers - Health Effects of Breathing Woodsmoke. United States Environmental Protection Agency. August, 2011 . 10 NEIPTG. 2000. 1995 Criteria Air Contaminants Emissions Inventory Guidebook. National Emissions Inventory and Projections Task Group. CanadianCouncil of Ministers of the Environment. No Breathing Room - National Illness Costs of Air Pollution, Canadian Medical Association, August 2008. See website: httDL//wv«w. cma. ca/multimedia/CMA/Content Imaaes/lnside cma/Oflice Public Health/ICAP/CMA ICAP sum e. pdf Code of Practice for Residential Wood BurningAppliances Page 35 of 97 Canada in 2008, with associated costs of 8 billion dollars. By 2031, the estimate is more than 38, 000 deaths, with an associated annual cost of over 13 billion dollars. Additionally, between 2008 and2031, hospitaladmissionsfrom exposureto au-pollution are estimatedto riseover 62% to 18, 000 annually. Table 1: National Economic Costs Summary for PM and Ozone: 2008, 2015, 2031 and Total 2008-2031 (expressed in millions of dollars) Cost Indicator 2031 2015 2008 Total of Annual Costs for the Years 2008 - 2031 Lost Productivity $688 $721 $765 $17, 576 Healthcare Costs $438 $485 $614 $12, 549 Quality of Life $379 $410 $487 $10,370 Loss of Life $6, 552 $7, 905 $11,836 $217, 439 Total Cost $8, 058 $9, 522 $13, 702 $257, 934 2.2 Nuisance Impacts of Wood Smoke Wood smoke can also be a nuisance, causing haze and odour problems. For example, when numerous wood burning appliances are being used in an area, and there is little wind to clear the air, visibility is often obscured by fine PM and aerosols1 3 and the scent of burnt wood may be noticeable both indoors and outdoors. These nuisance conditions can have real impacts on personal health and on the general quality of life in a community. 2.3 Impact on Climate Change When wood is burned it produces black carbon" (or "soot"), which is part of a group of substances known as short lived climate forcers (SLCF). Though SLCFs remain in the atmosphere for much less time than long-lived greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (C02) - in the case of black carbon, mere days or weeks - they are considered to be responsible for a significant portion of current global warming. Black carbon has a two-fold wanning effect: it absorbs solar radiation, thereby directly warming the surrounding air; also, when deposited on snow and ice surfaces, it reduces the reflection of 12 No Breathing Room - National Illness Costs of Air Pollution, Canadian Medical Association, August 2008. See website: http://www. cma. ca/multlmedia/CMA/Content Imaaes/lnslde cma/Office Public Health/ICAP/CMA ICAP syjTLAfidf T United States Environmental Protection Agency. See website: httD://www. eDa. aov/bumwise 14 "Black Carbon as a Short Lived Climate Forcer - A Profile of Emission Sources and Co-EmiBed Pollutants", Venkatesh Rao and Summers, J. H., U. S. EPA, Emissions Inventory Conference, San Antonio, TX, 2010 Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances Page 36 of 97 solarradiation, leadingto acceleratedmelting. Reducingblackcarbonand other SLCFsoffers an opportunity to reduce the rate of global warming in the near term. Nonetheless, burning locally-sourced wood for residential fuel can be less carbon and energy intensive than petrochemical alternatives (e. g., natural gas and fuel oils), which require more processing and transportation. Thus, as with the other health and environmental impacts associatedwith wood burning, the impact on climate change can be improved by ensuring that appliancesare designedwithefficiencyin mindandare appropriatelyoperated. 3. 0 Wood Burning Appliances - Definition of Types The following section compares types of wood burning appliances and fireplaces currently on the market.'6'" Indoor wood burning appliances include wood stoves, pellet stoves, fireplaces, conventional fireplaces, advanced technology fireplaces, fireplace inserts, wood cook stoves, masonry heaters, central heating furnaces and boilers. Outdoor boilers and hydronic heaters are also included. A list of advancedtechnology appliance manufacturers in Canadamay be found on the Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association of Canada's web-site at www.hpbacanada. org/trade/links. html. A comprehensive list of certified wood burning appliances sorted by type, manufacturer, model name, particulate emission rate, heat output and efficiency was published by the US EPA in January2012" :.:, Additional guidance on the appropriate use of wood heat systems can be found in the Canada Housing and Mortgage Corporation publication A Guide to Residential Wood Heating." 3. 1 -^. Wood Stoves Wood stoves are free-standing space heating appliances used either as the principal source of heat for a home or to supplement conventional heating systems. A typical wood _^-. ^-~-f stove will hold a fuel load of 15 to 40kg, which results in 4 to 12 hours of operation between refuelling. Wood stoves fall into two categories, conventional and advanced combustion types. -^ -< . 1 <(< Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Guide to Residential Wood Hearing, 2008. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the consent of CMHC. All other uses and reproductions of the materialare expresslyprohibited. Descriptions provided by the Wood Heat Organization. See website www. woodheat. or^ A Guide to Residential Wood Heating, 2008, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. See website: htto://www.cmhc-schI .ac.ca/en/co/maho/enefcosa/UDload/woodheating EN W.pdf " See website: httD://www.eDa.aov/ComDliance/resources/Dublications/monitorina/caa/woodstoves/certiliedwood.Ddf Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances Page 37 of 97 Conventional stoves do not have advanced combustion technologies and tend to have relatively high smoke emissions and heat loss through the chimney. This category includes Franklin woodstoves, parlour stoves, and older airtight wood stoves from the 1970s and 80s. Advanced combustion wood stoves use advanced technology for energy efficiency and lower particulate emissions relative to conventional wood stoves. Advanced combustion stoves fall into two subtypes: Catalytic stoves are equipped with a ceramic combustor coated with palladium located in the appliance downstream ofthe firebox. The catalyst reducesthe ignitiontemperature ofthe smoke so it bums more completely, cutting smoke emissions at normal stove operating temperatures; and, Non-catalytic advanced combustion design includes an insulated firebox, an internal baffle that acts as a reflective surface and separates the firebox from the secondary combustion chamber, and a system to pre-heat and distribute a secondary air supply above the fuel bed. Both catalytic and non-catalytic designs have proved successful in achieving lower emissions, but in recent years the non-catalytic category has come to dominate the market. 3. 2 Pellet Stoves Pellet stoves bum wood or biomass pellets. Sawdust or other waste ^ biomass material is compressed into small cylinders about 8mm in diameter and from 10 to 30mm long to produce pellets. The raw feedstock for pellet production does not include binders or other additives, except in some cases to assist in the extrosion process. In a pellet stove, the fuel is moved from the storage container (hopper) to the small combustion chamber by a motorized auger. The exhaust is forced into a vent by a fan. Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Guide to Residential Wood Heating, 2008. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the consent of CMHC, All other uses and reproductions of the material are expresslyprohibited. 3. 3 Because steady burning can be approximated by adjusting the fuel and air mixture, pellet stoves can bum with lower emissions on average than wood stoves. In contrast, the combustion of a batch of wood in a wood stove never stabilizes, so combustion air requirements are constantly fluctuating and good combustion conditions are transitory. Pellet stoves can deliver about the same efficiencyasadvancedcombustionwoodburningstoves. Fireplaces The term fireplace was traditionally used to describe a wood burning device built into the structure of a living area and in which the fire can be viewed while it bums. However, the distinction between wood stoves and fireplaces is no longer as clear as it once was. For example, most advanced combustion wood stoves have glass panels in their doors and incorporate a Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances Page 38 of 97 technology that sweeps combustion air behind the glass to keep it clear for effective fire viewing. Also, some fireplaces now have advanced combustion technologies and heat ducts connected for use as central heating systems. As well, some masonry heaters look like fireplaces but have the efFiciency and low emissions of advanced combustion wood stoves. Therefore, the term fireplace must be used with some caution. It is used here to mean a device that is not fi-ee-standing but is built into the wall ofa living space. The term does not refer to strictly decorative appliances. Fireplacescanbe dividedinto two broadcategories: 1. Masonry fireplaces are constructed of brick, stone or other masonry materials and assembled on site and usually connected to a masonry chimney. 2. Factory-built (also called prefabricated and informally as zero-clearance) fireplaces in which the main structural material is usually metal, are also usually installed on site as packagewiththe specifiedmetal chimney. 3. 3. '? Conventional Fireplaces Conventional fireplaces, whether masonry or factory-built, do not incorporate emission reduction technologies. Generally, conventional fireplaces are not effective for home heating purposes because of heat transfer ;. characteristics and air flow issues. Some masoniy, and virtually all factory-built conventional fireplaces, incorporate an air circulation jacket around the firebox connected to grilles that take au- from floor level, heat it and return it to the room. However, these air circulation systems are mainly to permit reduced clearances to combustible material by cooling the outer skin of the fireplace rather than for space heating. Conventional fireplaces do not incorporate emission reduction technologies, and as a result they generally have higher emissions than advanced technology fireplace inserts (see below). 3. 3. 2 Advanced Technology Fireplaces ^ Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Guide to Residential Wood fleating, 2008. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the consent of CMHC. All other uses and reproductions of the material are expresslyprohibited. Advancedtechnology fireplacesarefactory-builtunits thatemploy the sametechnologiesusedin advanced combustion wood stoves and have similarly low emissions. Unlike conventional fireplaces, these fireplaces can be used for home heating. Some have an integral central heating capability using a series of ducts to distribute heat to other parts ofthe house. Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances Page 39 of 97 3. 3. 3 Fireplace Inserts Fireplace inserts are wood stoves that have been adapted by their manufacturers to fit within the firebox of masonry fireplaces. A few inserts are certified for installation in factory-built fireplaces. An insert converts a conventional fireplace into an effective heating system. Both conventional and advanced technology fireplace inserts are available and their emissions performance can be assumed to be about the same as conventional and advanced wood stoves. Inserts conserve energy and firewood while releasing particulate matter and greenhouse gases at a slower rate. A hearth mount stove is a wood stove that is an existing lace in the same wav that an insert is. 3. 4 ^ -^ - -1'" ' - _L. --t-~ ~ . _ _ ... . .. . _ Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Guide to Residential Wood Heating, 2008. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the consent of CMHC. All other uacs and reproductions of the material are expressly prohibited, Central Heating A central heating system uses a network of air ducts or water pipes to distribute heat to all rooms of the house. Furnaces heat air, which is forced through ducts with a fan. Boilers heat water that is pumped through pipes to heat floors or radiators. Wood-fired central heating systems are available in several forms: add-on warm air furnaces for connection to existing oil or electric furnaces; combination furnaces that use electricity or bum oil in addition to wood; and boilers that heat water and use a system of pipes to distribute heat. Wood-fired boilers, otherwise termed 3-^ hydronic heaters, are typically installed outdoors, sometimes enclosed in separate structures but in some instances they may be located within the buildings they are intended to heat. Source: CanadaMortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Guide to Residential Wood Heating, 2008. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the consent of CMHC. All other uses and reproductions of the material are expresslyprohibited. Most hydronic units are designed to bum dry seasoned wood although they also can be fired on green wood whichroduces significantly more smoke. Combustion of household trash or construction waste may release harmful Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances Page 40 of 97 pollutants and is typically in contravention of provincial, state or municipal by-laws. 3. 5 Wood Cook Stoves Wood burning cook stoves have a cook-top surface, a baking oven, and sometimes a reservoir for domestic hot s->-<; ?'<-.' S-: water. Cook stoves are not common in Canada, although a few models are still available for sale in specialty stores. Cook stoves do not typically include advanced "^ combustion technologies because practical cooking features and low emission combustion technology are incompatible. Smoke emissions performance for cooking \l ranges is not available, but particulate emissions are probablysimilarto conventionalwoodstoves. Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Guide to Residential Wood Heating, 2008. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the consent of CMHC. All other uses and reproductions of the material are expresslyprohibited. 3. 6 Masonry Heaters Masonry heaters are space heating devices that capture thermal energy from the intermittent combustion of fuels (primarily wood), andradiateit over a prolongedperiodof time at a relatively constant temperature. As the name suggests, they are constructed of brick, stone or tile and are free-standing but require significant support structures to bear their weight. A typical masonry heater consists of a firebox and heat exchange channels or partitions that provide additional surface area to absorb heat from the hot exhaust gases before they exit into the chimney. Since the firebox is masonry, rather than metal, fires can and do bum much Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Guide to Residential Wood Heating, 2008. All rights reserved. Reproduced with the consentofCMHC.All olherusesandreproductions ofthe material are expressly prohibited. hotter than in a metal stove resulting in substantially reduced emissions. The refractory concrete which lines the firebox can handle temperatures in excess of 1, 100 C. When not being fired, the connection from the masonry heater to the chimney is sometimes damped to minimize unnecessary heat loss up the chimney. During these periods, the unit continues to radiate internally stored heatbetween 12 to 20 hours after the fire goesout. Combustionefficienciesofapproximately 90%canbeobtainedfrom masonryheaters. Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 10 Page 41 of 97 4. 0 Standards, Initiatives, and Regulations The following is a summary of Canadian federal, provincial and territorial regulations as well as US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations concerning wood burning appliances, including design and emission standards. Detailed information, including selected Canadian municipal regulations, selected U. S. state regulations and county ordinances are provided in Review of Municipal, Provincial and Federal Policiesfor Wood Burning Appliances in Selected CanadianandU. S. Jurisdictions(CCME,2012) " 4. 1 Canadian Standards for Wood Burning Appliances As discussed in Section 3, conventional wood burning appliances, including Franklin wood stoves and airtight units, are generally inefficient and emit significantly more PM^s than oil and gas fired appliances and advanced low-emissions wood stoves. Some conventional wood-fired boilers also produce significantly higher emissions." To address this problem, emission standards for advanced wood burning appliances have been developed. In 2000, the Canadian Standards Association (a not-for-profit organization) developed the Performance Testing of Solid Fuel Burning Heating Appliance^ CSA B415.1 whichwas basedon the US EPA Standardsof Performancefor New ResidentialWoodHeaters, Section 60-532 of the 1988 Clean Air Act, subpart AAA" Both standards require independent testing of appliances by an accredited laboratory and specify the test procedures for measuring the emissions, heat output, and efficiency. The standards also defined PM emission limits of 7.5 grams per hour for non-catalytic wood burning appliances and 4. 1 grams per hour for catalytic wood burning appliances. The Canadian standard was updated in 2010 (CSA B415. 10) and it is currently more stringent than the emission limits of the US EPA standard (see Table 2), but compliance with the Canadian standard is voluntary (except where regulated provincially or municipally). In the United States, the UPA standard is a tederal regulation; it is not a voluntary standard Certification is required before a wood burning stove model line can be offered for sale, which includeswholesaleactivities suchasdisplayingor demonstratingthe models attrade shows. In Canada, 2 CSA B415. 10 (as amended2 in 2010) is a consensus-based standard intended to provide appliance manufacturers, regulatory agencies and testing laboratories in Canada with methods for determining thermal efficiencies, particulate emissions and flue gas flow rates of solid fuel burning appliances. In response to the development ofCSA B415. 10 and the US EPA standard, new efficient, wood burning appliances are now commercially available. As well, See www. ccme. ca " State of New York^ Attorney General: Smoke Gets in Your Lungs: Outdoor Wood Boilers In NewYork State, 2005 Performance Testing of Solid-Fuel Burning Stoves, Inserts and Low-Burn-Rate Factory-Built Appliances, A National Standard of Canada. See website: httD://mha-net. ora/docs/CSA-B451b. PDF 21See website: ht4)://vww». epa. gov/compliance/resources/policies/monltoring/caa/woQdstoverule. pdf " As at the time of preparation of this Code, the current version Is CSA B415. 10, amended In 2010. This version Is availablefor purchase at: httD://shoD.csa. ca/en/canada/hjel-bumina-eauiDment/b4151-10/invt/27013322010, Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 11 Page 42 of 97 because this national standard can become enforceable when referenced in provincial/temtorial regulations and municipal by-laws, it has had impacts on construction and design standards in many areas of Canada. (Vote: because many wood burning appliances on the Canadian market have been designed and built according to U. S. specifications, Canadian jurisdictions recognize the US EPA standard and CSA B415. 10 as being equivalent even though there are a number of differences between them.) Table 2: Comparison of US EPAand C5A B415.10 Wood BurningAppliance Particulate Matter' (PM) Emission Limits Type of Device Catalytic wood burning devices Non-catalytic wood burning devices Low mass (factory built) fireplaces US EPA Standard CSA B415. 10 (2012-2016) 4. 1 g/hrNSPS2(1988) NSPS(2013):2. 5g/hr (2012.2015) 7. 5 g/hrNSPS (1988) 4. 5 g/hr NSPS(2013):4. 5g/hr 5. 1 g/hr EPA Phase 2 Voluntary Level (2012) 2. 5 g/hr Currently no limit Currently no limit NSPS Proposed (2014): Site-Built Masonry Heaters 2. 0 g/hr daily average, 0. 32 Currently no limit Ib / mmBTU heat output Currently no limit (certification of masons Site-Built Masonry Fireplaces Currently no limit proposed) Decorative Factory-built Fireplaces Currently no limit Currently no limit 0. 32 Ib/MMBtu heat output for indoor HH in 2014 (NSPS)' Indoor Boilers and Furnaces 0. 15 Ib/mmBTU heat output for both indoor HH in 2016 0. 32 Ib/MMBtu heat output for outdoor HH in Outdoor Wood Hydronic Heaters 2013(NSPS)' (HH) 0. 15lb/mmBTUheat output for both outdoor 0. 4 g/MJ 0. 13g/MJ HHin2016(NSPS) 1 PM emissions from conventional, uncertified wood-fired boilers averaged 72 g/hr and conventional, uncertified wood stoves averaged 18g/hr2 . 2 NSPS: New Source Performance Standards under the US Clean Air Act. In addition, draft US EPA New Source Performance Standards(NSPS)for CO expected: . . . 1000mg/m3 at 12%02 In2013/2014 650mg/m3at12%02in2016 Draft NSPS limit for Visible Emissions: 6 minutes per hour (in field). Typical state regulatory level: 0. 32 Ib / mmBTU heat output 23 State of NewYork, Office ofthe Attorney General, Smoke Gets in Your Lungs: OutdoorWood Boilers in NewYork State, 2005 Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 12 Page 43 of 97 In Canada, manufacturers of appliances can have an appliance tested and certified to CSA B415. 10 by contracting a laboratory accredited by the Standards Council of Canada. 24 In the United States, manufacturers can apply to the US EPA for certification oftheir appliances. Advanced stoves manufactured according to these standards have the following advantages over older, uncertified appliances: . To?dc emissions reduced by as much as 55% . PM;. 5 emissions reduced by as much as 70% . Energy efficiency increased by at least 70% . Use 30-50% less firewood (These figures are considered approximate since the results shown are typically based on controlled conditions. These values are also expected to vary from model to model and actual day-to-day use by individual users.) 4. 1. 1 Canada's Model Municipal By-lawfor Wood-Burning Appliances (2006) In 2006 Environment Canada (EC) developed a Model Municipal By-law for Regulating Wood- burning Appliances in collaboration with representatives from industry, municipalities, provincial/temtorial governments, and environmental non-govemmental organizations (NGOs) under the Intergovernmental Working Group on Residential Wood Combustion. This initial model provided reference material for many municipalities during early by-law development and helped inform this Code. 4. 1. 2 Natural Resources Canada's Energy Efficiency Rebate Program Natural Resources Canada's OfRce of Energy Efficiency offered an energy efficiency rebate program to qualifying individuals planning to replace conventional wood burning appliances with advanced technology models. The program covered a wide variety of appliances including specific woodburning stoves andsimilar devices. Theprogram ended in January, 2012. 4. 1. 3 Natural Resources Canada's R-2000 Housing Standard R-2000 is a voluntary standard administered by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and developed in partnership with Canada's residential construction industry. The initiative s aim is to promote the use ofcost-effective energy-efficient building practices and technologies. The updated 2012 R-2000 housing standard requires all wood stoves to meet CSA B415. 1-10 Performance Testing of Solid-Fuel-Burning Heating Appliances, or the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA)woodburningappliancestandards(1990), 40 CFRPart60. 24 See website: httD://wvw». scc. ca/en/aal-Dalcan 25 Environment Canada, Impactof Residential Wood Stove Replacement on Air Emissions in Canada http://vwm. ec.ac. ca/resldentiel-residentlal/default. asD?lana=En&n=C9D08C1A-1 Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 13 Page 44 of 97 4. 2 Provincial and Territorial Initiatives and Regulations Alberta Theprincipalbodyoflegislationregulatingdischargeofemissionsto the environment inAlberta is the Alberta Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (EPEA). There are currently no specificprovincial regulations with respect to the operation ofwood stoves. However, there are general provisions within the Substance Release Regulation that ban the burning of prohibited debris unless authorized through an approval. Additionally, Section 109 ofEPEA has a general prohibitiononthe release ofa substancethatcould causea significantadverseeffect. British Columbia The principal body of legislation regulating emissions from wood stoves in B.C. is the Environmental Management Act. The Solid Fuel Burning Domestic Appliance Regulation (B. C. Reg. 302/94) (currently under review2 ') contains the following requirements: A person who carries on business in British Columbia as an appliance manufacturer, wholesaler or retailer must not sell for use or for resale an appliance manufactured on or after November 1, 1994 unless the person (a) ascertains, on the basis of testing carried out in accordance with section 3, that the appliance conforms to either (i) the particulate emission requirements of the Canadian standard, as determined by the test methods and procedures in that standard, or (ii) the particulate matter emission limits set out in the US Standard, as determined by the test methods and procedures m that standard, and (b) ensuresthat, atthetune ofthe sale,(heappliancebearsa permanentlyaffixedlabel. The Government of British Columbia also sponsors a provincial wood stove exchange program designed to encourage British Columbians to change out older, smoky wood stoves for lowemission appliances including US EPA/CSA certified clean-buming wood stoves. Funding is available to qualifying regions, municipalities and airshed management groups in the province, which provide incentives to residents to exchange their old wood burning appliances for new wood, pellet, or gas appliances. Further rebates are available through the LiveSmart BC Efficiency Retrofit Program, 28including $500 for a new pellet stove or insert when switching out an old wood or gas appliance. The program ends March 31, 2013. In B. C., both municipalities and regional districts can create by-laws to regulate certain activities causing emissions withm their boundaries2 8. The province ofB. C. authorizes the powers of local 28 For more information about the Solid Fuel Burning Domestic Appliance Regulation review, see website: httD://www. env. aov. bc. ca/eDd/codes/solld-fuel/index. htm 27 See website: httD://www. bcairQualitv. ca/toD ics/wood-stove-exchanae-Droaram/whats-new. html Seewebsite:httD://www. livesmartbc. ca/homes/h rebates. html The relevant sections of the Local Government Act and Community Charter which provide authority for regional districts and municipalities to create by-laws for residential wood home heating are described in the 2011 Inventory of Air Quality By-laws in BC, 2012, BC Ministry of Environment. See webslte: httD://www. bcairaualitv. ca/reDorts/Ddfs/bvlaws-2011. pdf Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 14 Page 45 of 97 governments through the Local Government Act (regional districts) and the Community Charter (municipalities). Manitoba The Environment Act, C.C.S.M. c. E125, is the principal piece of provincial legislation governing the discharge of pollutants in Manitoba. There are currently no provincial regulations specificto wood stove operation in Manitoba. New Brunswick The New Bnmswick Department of Energy administers the provincial Energy Efficiency Act. In June 2012, Regulation 95-70 under that act was amended to require all solid fuel burning heating appliances manufactured and sold (retail) in New Brunswick to comply with CSA standard B415. 1-00. The New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government administers the provincial Clean Air Act. The Act establishes ambient air quality standards for a number of contaminants, andprovides a regulatory framework to oversee emissions from industrial sources. There are currently no regulations in place under that Act specific to wood smoke emissions. The Department of Environment has partnered with the New Brunswick Lung Association, Environment Canada, and neighbouring provincial jurisdictions in the production of an educationalpamphletaboutwoodsmoke issues. Newfoundland and Labrador The Department of Environment and Conservation Air Pollution Control Regulations, NLR 39/04 stipulate that: . . . Commencing July 1, 2008 a person shall not manufacture, sell or permit the selling of a residential woodstove, fireplace insert or factory built fireplace which may emit particulatematter into the environmentin excessof: o the emissionrequirements ofthe Canadianstandard;or o the emissionrequirements ofthe US EPAstandard. The emission requirements under subsection (1) shall be determined by the test methods andprocedurescontainedin that standard. Each unit manufactured, permitted or sold under subsection (1) shall have a readily visible, permanently afBxed manufacturer's label which: (a) conforms to the labeling requirements in that standard; and (b) indicates that the unit conforms to the particulate matter emission requirements of that standard. Newfoundland and Labrador also offered a 25% rebate for the purchase of new pellet burning appliances.The rebate endedin March,2011. Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 15 Page 46 of 97 Nova Scotia The Nova Scotia Energy EfFicient Appliance Regulations" apply to solid fuel burning appliances in the province. These prescribe acceptable air to fuel ratios and bum rates and also require that appliances must meet US EPA or CSA standards and carry appropriate labelling. In response to complaints regarding residential wood burning, new policies for wood burning appliance regulations may be developed in the near future to include additional types of fuel burning appliances. A pilot fuel substitution program was implemented in 2011 for 100% electrically heated homes to receive an incentive to install wood burning appliances in their homes with emissionsratings under 4.5 g/hr PM and be installed and/or inspected by a Wood Energy Technology Transfer (WETT)31 trained representative. Ontario The Environmental Protection Act is the main provincial legislation governing the discharge of pollutants in Ontario. The Act requires that an environmental compliance approval be obtained for equipment which may result in the discharge of a contaminant to air. There are some exemptions from the need to obtain an environmental compliance approval for certain equipment types or installations including residential wood burning appliances. Generally, wood burning appliances used in the institutional, commercial or industrial sector do require environmental compliance approvals. The Ontario Ministry of the Environment in conjunction with the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) Clean Air Council (Clean Air Partnership) and other stakeholders, prepared a Draft Model Municipal Code of Practice for Wood Burning Appliances in Ontario (2010) to address smoke from indoor fireplaces, wood stoves, and outdoor wood boilers which provided the framework for the current CCME Code. Prince Edward Island The Department of Environment, Labour and Justice currently has no regulations that relate to wood burning appliances. The province's OfFice of Energy EfBciency provided a 15% rebate to homeowners and consumers to replace old woodburning wood stoves, fireplaces, furnaces or outdoor boilers with new CSA/EPA-compliant appliances. At the time ofwriting this report, the program funding was exhausted. Quebec Theprovincial ministry regulating indoor and outdoor wood burning in Quebec is the Ministere du Developpement durable, de 1'Environnement de la Faune et des Pares3 2 (MDDEFP). R. S. Q., c. See website: httD://www.aov. ns. ca/iust/reflulatJons/reas/eeapDliances.htm See website: http://www.wettinc.ca/ 32 See website: httD://www2. Dublicationsduauebec. aouv. ac. ca/dvnamicSearch/telechame. DhD?tvDe=2&file=%2F%2FQ 2%2FQ2R1 A. htm Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 16 Page 47 of 97 Q-2, ss. 31, 109. 1, 124.0. 1 and 124. 1 regulates indoor and outdoor heating and cooking appliances. This Regulation applies to any stove, furnace, boiler, fireplace insert and factorybuilt fireplace designed to bum only wood in any of its forms. However, it does not apply to the following: . . . . Fireplaces intended for outdoor use only; A boiler or furnace with a nominal heat output of 150 kW or more; A maple syrup evaporator; or A wood burning appliance intended exclusively for export from Quebec. Wood burning appliances are required to comply with either US EPA or CSA B415. 10 certification requirements. Ville de Montreal has adopted a bylaw prohibiting the installation of solid fuel burning equipment (only certified pellet stoves are authorized) and at time of writing was considering mandatoryremoval ofexistingwoodburningapparatus,exceptfor certifiedpellet stoves. Saskatchewan There are currently no provincial regulations specific to wood stove operation in Saskatchewan. The Saskatchewan Ministry ofEnvironment has posted a Fact Sheet on-line regarding residential wood/coal burning appliances. Northwest Territories and Yukon The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) of the Northwest Territories delivers the Energy Efficiency Incentive Program (EEIP)3 which was designed to help homeowners and consumers purchase new, more energy efBcient commonly used appliances. EEIPprovides a rebate of up to 25% towards the purchase cost (up to a maximum of $700) to homeowners and consumers who purchase qualifying new wood and wood pellet stoves. Qualifying wood pellet and wood stove appliances must be CSA/EPA-compliant appliances or wood pellet stoves with ULC certification. Rebates are obtained through application to the Arctic Energy Alliance, who also provide advice and public activities to promote wood heating. ENR also delivers an Alternative Energy Technologies Program (AETP) which provides onethird the cost ofpurchasing and installing high efficiency wood pellet furnaces and boilers, up to a maximum of $5, 000 and $15, 000 to NWT residents and businesses respectively. The Department also intends to develop a Code of Practice to assist NWT communities developing or updating by-laws to address particulate emission concerns from residential, commercial and institutional wood heating. These initiatives to promote wood heating are consistent with provisions in the NWT Biomass Energy Strategy. Seewebsite: httD://www. enr. aov. nt. ca/live/Daaes/WDPaaes/EEIP. asDX Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 17 Page 48 of 97 In Yukon, there are no temtory-wide regulations specifically for wood stoves. The Good Energy Rebate Program3 currently offered by the Yukon Energy Solutions Centre provides rebates for CSA/EPA compliant wood stoves and boilers as well as ULC-compliant pellet stoves. 4 Nunavut The Nunavut Department of the Environment has commissioned a brochure titled "Environmental Guidelines for the Operation of Wood Burning Appliances"35 which provides best management practices on appliance selection based on US EPA/CSA standards for the location and citing of appliances, recommended fuel types and proper operating practices. Otherwise, no regulations currently exist for domestic wood burning appliances in Nunavut. 4. 3 United States - Federal (US EPA) Initiatives The United StatesEnvironmental ProtectionAgency (US EPA) has been regulatingwoodheater particulate emissions since 1988. All wood burning stoves and fireplace inserts offered for sale in the US must be certified by the US EPA in accordance with Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 60, Subpart AAA - Standards of Performance for New Residential Wood Heaters, Section 60-532 (US EPA standard) under the Clean Air Act. The following conditions must be met: Appliances require independent testing by an accredited laboratory to meet US EPA standards, particulate emissions limits of 7. 5 grams per hour for non-catalytic wood stoves and 4. 1 grams per hour for catalytic wood stoves (Note: EPA is currently updating emission limits to maintain consistency with CSA B415. 10 and Washington State standards). . Certified appliances offered for sale must bear a permanent label indicating that they meet the US EPA standard. . EPA is currently revising the New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for new residential wood heaters. Changes may include more stringent emission standards to reflect best demonstrated technology. They may also incorporate heaters not previously regulated, and update requirements for certification and test methods. TheAgency also administers two voluntary partnershipprograms to encouragemanufacturersto develop and distribute efficient and cleaner-buming units. Through participation in these programs, manufacturers are able to demonstrate that their models are much cleaner than unqualified units. However, models meeting program requirements are not the same as certified units under the US EPA wood stove performance standard outlined above. In turn, US EPA assistsparticipatingmanufacturers inpromotingthepurchaseofthese qualifiedmodels. Emission requirements for these voluntary programs are provided below. State and air district governments may incorporate these requirements in theirregulations for air quality managpment purposesto ensurecompliancewiththeUSNationalAmbientairQuality Standard. Seewebsite: htto://www.enerav, aQv.vk. ca/aood enerav. html 35 See website: htto://env. aov. nu. ca/sites/defauiyfi]es/Guideline%20Woodbumina%20ADDllances. Ddf Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 18 Page 49 of 97 4. 3. 1 US EPA Initiatives: Hydronic Heaters - Voluntary Partnership Program The US EPA has implemented a voluntary program for manufacturers of hydronic heaters the intent of which is to encourage manufacturers to produce and market more efficient, cleaner models. In order to qualify for the US EPA outdoor hydronic heater program, partners must adhere to the test method and demonstrate that particulate matter emissions do not exceed 0.32 pounds per million BTU output (Phase 2 level). These heaters may achieve 90% cleaner emissions relative to unqualified models. Heaters are to be tested using Test Method 28 for Measurement of Particulate Emissions and Heating EfHciency of Wood-firedHydronic HeatingAppliances. This method is also applicable to the testing of indoor models. NESCAUM's model regulation" for states and local agencies stipulates the following EPA Phase2 Emission Standards for residential hydronic heaters: "No person shall distribute or sell, lease, import, or install an outdoor hydronic heater after March 31, 2010 unless it has been certified to meet a particulate matter emission limit of 0. 32 Ib/MMBtu heat output. In addition, within each of the burnrate categories, no individual test run shall exceed 18 grams per hour. Compliance -with this particulate emission limit shall be determined in accordance with the test method andprocedures in Section6 and7 ofthis Regulation. 4.3. 2 US EPA Initiatives:Wood Burning Fireplace Program - Voluntary Partnership This US EPA program sets Phase 1 (7. 3 g/kg) or Phase 2 (5. 1 g/kg) emission limits for both new low mass (factory built) fireplaces as well as site built masonry fireplaces. Program partners must adhere to the test method outlined in the partnership agreement. As of February 19, 2012, only the Phase2 limit will apply. Fireplaces will be tested using ASTM E2558, Test Method for Determining f'articulate Matter Emissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood burning Fireplaces and ASTME2515, Test Methodfor Determination of' f'articulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution Tunnel, and the test procedure in the test guidelines for determining worst case operating conditions. The purpose of NESCAUM is to provide scientific, technical, analytical, and policy support to the air quality and climate programs of the eight Northeast states. See website: httD://vww. nescaum. ora/ Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 19 Page 50 of 97 4. 4 Additional Regulations and By-laws in Other Jurisdictions Aside from the federal and provincial regulations described in the preceding sections, the interjurisdictional review included some 20 selected US states as well as more than 180 municipalities and regional districts across Canada and the US. Although specific local regulations and by-laws differed widely, they were based primarily on provincial, territorial or state air quality standards and US EPA/CSA certification. In several instances, local air management groups actively supported provincial or state initiatives to control emissions from wood burning appliances. These variously included community outreach and education programs as well as wood burning appliance exchange or change-out programs. Complete details of the regulatory and voluntary programs in other jurisdictions surveyed are presented in Review of Municipal, Provincial and Federal Policiesfor Wood Burning Appliances in SelectedCanadianand U. S. Jurisdictions(CCME,2012)37 5. 0 Wood Smoke Management Toolbox This section identifies best management practices with respect to government efforts to reduce wood smoke emissions and related impacts. These suggestions are based on programs and activities identified through interjurisdictional reviews. They are provided for consideration by governments in designing policies and programs to reduce wood smoke emissions. The suggested best practices are categorized under six main headings: 5. 1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Regulating Appliance EfRciency Air Quality Advisories and 'No-Bum Days' Limits on Installation or Operation of Wood Burning Appliances Incentives to Change 5. 5 Public Outreach and Education 5.6 Performance Management - Planning for and Measuring Success Related policy and/or management options are provided for each. Management efforts should consider all of the approaches described below. However, some may not be as applicable as others in all areas (e. g., rural areas where incorporated municipalities may not exist). Flexibility and creativity may be required on the part of governments and their partners. 37 See www.ccme.ca Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 20 Page 51 of 97 5. 1 Regulating Appliance Efficiency Jurisdictions should consider requiring wood burning appliances to meet CSA standard B415. 10 or the US EPA New Source Performance Standards. Due to the local nature of most wood smoke impacts, municipalities (wherethey exist) are oftenthe bestplaced governingbodyto implement this suggestion. However, it is recognized that all levels of government may potentially play a role in the development ofpolicy tools andregulations for wood burning appliancemanagement. As such, the Code can inform other measures that might be explored in the future (e.g. federal or provincial measures affecting the importation or manufacturing of uncertified wood burning appliances). 5.1 Regulating Appliance Efficiency Jurisdictions should consider requiring wood burning appliances to meet CSAor VS EPA efficiency standards. Management Options: (i) Municipal By-Laws: Municipalities can address nuisance and health related wood smoke issues by adopting by-laws (where legal authority exists) to reduce wood smoke emissions. Such by-laws can include detailed requirements for appliance certification, installation, and operation. Appendix 1 - Model By-Law Elements for Residential Wood Burning Appliances has been prepared as guidance for municipalities wishing to pursue this option. (Note: Outreach and education steps under Recommendation 5. 5 should be undertaken prior to public announcement of by-laws or regulations.) (ii) Provincial and Territorial Regulations: Provinces and territories that contain unincorporated areas and/or smaller municipalitieswith little by-law enforcement capacity may wish to establish regulations and/or revise building codes to encourage installation of certified appliances. Although principally targeting a municipal audience. Appendix 1 - Model By-Law Elementsfor ResidentialWood Burning Appliances, may also inform these provincial/temtorial efforts. Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 21 Page 52 of 97 5. 2 Air Quality Advisories and 'No-Bum Days' Jurisdictions should consider curtailing wood burning activities during poor air quality episodes, as implemented successfully by many local governments in the US and Canada. These No-Bum Day' notices may be issued by municipal and provincial agencies during Air Quality Advisories3 8; they can include bans on burning wood and/or other materials, and can be mandatory or voluntary. Woodburningcurtailmentmaytaketwo approaches: * Mandatory No-Burn Days - Regulations or by-laws that prohibit wood burning during periods of poor air quality. Notification is provided by radio, television, newspaper, public notice or other means. No-Bum Days are usually enforced by counties or municipalities and fines are given to those who do not comply. Example: Prince George, BC, CleanAir By-law 8266,2010. Voluntary No-Burn Days - Guidelines or programs requesting that the public voluntarily refrain from using wood burning appliances during periods of poor air quality. No-bum day voluntary advisories can be a useful adjunct to air quality management planning particularly where by-laws are lacking. Example: as described in Environment Canada's Model Municipal By-law for Regulating Wood Burning Appliances (2006). Whenadoptingmandatory no-bum days, individualjurisdictions should also considerproviding exemptions to residents whose primary heating fuel is wood. 38e.g., In Ontario, The Ministry of Environment Issues a "smog watch" when there is at least a 50 per cent probability thatthe Air Quality Index (AQI)will reach or exceed 50 in the nextthree days. A "smog advisory" is Issuedwhen there is a high probability that the AQI will reach or exceed 50 in the next 24 hours. Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 22 Page 53 of 97 5.2 Air QualityAdvisories and 'No-Burn Days' Jurisdictions should consider curtailing the operation of existingwoodburning appliances during poor air quality episodes. Management Options: (i) Notification: Local municipalities, provinces and territories should make a reasonable effort to notify residents about any concerns for the use of Wood Burning Appliances during an Air Quality Advisory. The notification could be called 'No-BumDays'.Notices could be disseminatedthrough local radio stations, internet, newspapers or by distribution of leaflets. Initial notices may request voluntary wood burning curtailment in the community. (ii) By-laws: Municipal By-laws to curtail wood burning during Air Quality Advisories could include mandatory restrictions on appliance usage. Appendix 1-Modet ByLaw Elementsfor ResidentialWoodBurning Appliances identifiesdraft by-lawtext for two-staged bum restrictions (see Part 2, s.5). (iii) Burn Restrictions: 'No-BumDays' shouldbe consideredintwo stages: Stage 1: Bum Restrictions with emphasis placed on avoiding uncertified appliance usage when there is a forecasted risk of air quality deterioration due to heavy appliance usage and unfavourable meteorological events; and, Stage 2: Bum Restrictions with emphasis on avoiding use of all non-essential appliances (certified and non-certified) when air quality has deteriorated and is otherwise considered 'poor . Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 23 Page 54 of 97 In areasthat experience significantepisodes of air quality degradationfrom wood smoke (often in combination with unfavourable weather conditions) jurisdictions should consider limiting the use of certain types of wood burning appliances. Appendix 1- Model By-Lawand Regulatory Elementsfor ResidentialWoodBurning Appliances provides guidancewith respectto by-lawsandregulations for controlling appliancestocks. 5. 3 Limits on Installation or Operation of Wood Burning Appliances Inproblemareas,jurisdictionsshouldconsiderlimiting the number andtypes ofwood burning appliances that can be used. Management Options: (i) Assessment: Before considering limits on appliances jurisdictions should assess the wood smoke risks in their management area. This assessment should consider ambient air quality monitoring information, odour complaints, visible haze, reportedhealthimpacts, applianceinventories, andapplianceusagepatterns. (ii) Prohibition of All Wood Burning Appliances: Regulations or by-laws that prohibit installation and operation of wood burning appliances. Example: Ville de Hampstead, Quebec by-law prohibits installation of any new wood burning appliancesandoperationofexistingappliancesasofNovember3, 2015. (iii) Prohibition of New Wood Burning Appliances: Regulations or by-laws that prohibit the installation and operation of new wood burning appliances. Existing wood burning appliances are 'grandfathered' in and allowed to operate, or can be upgradedto advancedtechnology appliances. Example: Golden, BC, by-law 1150, 2005. (iv) Prohibition of Specific Appliance Types: Regulations or by-laws that prohibit or include operating conditions for wood burning appliances such as outdoor fireplaces, chimeneas, and outdoor wood-firedhydronic heaters. Indoor appliances such as wood stoves and indoor fireplaces are allowed to operate. Example: City of St. Thomas, Ontario's By-law 138 -2003 and the Township ofRamara, Ontario Bylaw 2011-31/37. The successofthis approachdepends on the capacity for a givenjurisdiction to carry out appliance inspection. Enforcement requires staff awareness of the prohibitions and any uniqueconsiderationson howto enforcethe rules. Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 24 Page 55 of 97 Jurisdictions can reduce wood smoke emissions by providing incentives to encourage homeownersto remove uncertified conventional appliancesfrom use. Change-outprograms have been shown to be effective in this regard. 5. 4 Incentives to Change Jurisdictionsshouldconsiderproviding incentives. In theform ofcarefully crafted change-out programs to reduce the number of non-certifled appliances being used. Management Options: (i) Rebates for Wood Burning Appliance Replacement: Provides some financial compensation for the replacement of inefBcient wood burning appliances with either an EPA or CSA-certified wood burning appliance or an appliance utilizing other fuels (includingpellet, natural gas or electric). Most change-outprograms in Canadafall under this category. (ii) Rebates for Wood Burning Appliance Fuel Switching: Provides financial compensation to replace inefficient wood burning appliances with an equivalent appliance using a different fuel (i. e., replacing a wood burning furnace with a natural gasfurnace). Example:QuebecandEquiterre'sFeuVertprogram. (iii) Financial Compensation for Wood Burning Appliance Removal: Provides compensation to remove an old wood burning appliance with no requirement to replace with a new appliance. Example: Quebec and Equiterre's Feu Vert program. In urban cenb-es where alternative sources of heat, such as natural gas, are readily available, any one of the change-out programs presented above may be considered by policy makers and regulators to address local wood smoke issues. Although fuel switching and the removal of old wood burning appliances (without replacement) should improve both indoor and outdoor air quality, these approaches may not be suitable for rural areas where wood is the primary home heating fuel and there are no tie-ins to alternative fuel supplies. Change-out programs are often conducted in phases. The first phase generally targets old noncertified wood burning appliances. Fuel switching and heating alternatives, such as weatherizationandenergyconservation,arepromoted in subsequentphases. 5.4. 1 Change-out Program Potential Pitfalls Findings from jurisdictional reviews indicated that the participation rate in change-out programs has sometimes been low. Some of the contributing factors to the low response rate include: Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 25 Page 56 of 97 . Limited awareness of the environmental and health impacts of wood smoke; . Concern about out-of-pocket costs for new appliances and fuel; . Resistance to woodburning restrictions andreluctance to changeburning habits; . Difficulty establishing a stable fundingmechanism; and, . Insufficient rebate level, funding, partner participation, and regulatory support. As evident in the list of barriers presented above, the success of a change-out program is dependent upon the interaction of many policy and program elements. The following two jurisdictions offergoodexamplesofappliancechange-outprogramsthatovercame localbarriers. 5.4.2 Change-out Program Success: British Columbia's Provincial Wood Stove Exchange Program After 10 years of sporadically funded change-out programs with low results, the province of British Columbia decided to pilot a community-based social marketing approach in 2007. 9 Community-based social marketing3 is useful in that it specifically looks to address the barriers to behaviour change (as identified above). The Provincial Wood Stove Exchange Program is run at a community level through grants provided by the province. The program includes financial incentives to upgrade old wood stoves or inserts and education to help everyone improve their wood burning practices. A provincial rebate of $250 is often supplemented by community rebate contributions ranging from $50 to $500. The Hearth Products Industry also contributed a discount of $150 during part of the program. By the endofthe 5 yearoftheprogram in2012,it is anticipatedthatover 5000old stoveswill be exchanged for cleaner burning models. This equates to an annual reduction ofover 310 tonnes of PMi5. And because new woodburning appliances can bum 30-50% less wood, reduced fuel costs and increased heating efficiency are also realized. Provincial spending per stove exchanged is approximately $360 (which includes the $250 rebate and additional funds to cover education and coordination of the program at the local level). Provincial spending is leveraged 3:1 by community andindustrypartnerships. Perhaps an equally impressive outcome of the Provincial Woodstove ExchangeProgram is the number of municipalities and regional districts who, having decided to participate in the program, are now committed to addressing residential wood burning. Over 44 municipalities and villages and 18 regional districts have partnered to offer incentives and wood burning education to their community members. Since 2007, 31 new or updated by-laws for residential wood combustionhave been enacted, representing an increase in the number ofby-lawsby 74%. As a result, 39% of BC's population is now covered in some way by residential wood burning appliance by-laws See www. cbsm. com for more information. w BC Ministry of Environment, 2012, "2011 Inventory of Air Quality By-laws in British Columbia". Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 26 Page 57 of 97 5.4. 3 Change-out Program Success: City of Libby Montana's Wood Stove Exchange Program In the City of Libby, Montana, a town without industrial sources of air pollution, wood smoke was identified as the primary source of fine particulate matter. The smoke comes from Libby's sizable low income population which relies on wood burning as their primary source of home heating.The localtopographyalso compoundsthe problem. Libby designed its change-out program to be delivered in two phases. (Though note that the financial resources provided for this program are generally not available to other programs41). In Phase 1 Libby replaced wood stoves in low income households at no cost upon verification of economic status and/or face-to-face interviews with applicants. In Phase 2, Libby targeted the remaining residential wood stove owners and businesses by providing vouchers that would cover the majority of the wood stove replacement costs. In addition, a reward was given to each householdthat surrendered its old wood stoves for disposal. And, an updated air quality control regulation was introduced in Lincoln County, Montana to forbid the operation of an uncertified stove when the Phase2 change-outprogram expired and a fme of $25/daywould be imposed if an uncertified unit was used. The lessons learned from this highly successful change-out program are 2 highlighted below4 and may helpjurisdictionsthat arecontemplatingthe use ofchange-outprograms: . . Establish broad-based partnerships including environmental, health and other government departments, industry associations, academiaand interestedenvironmental groupsto assistin public outreach and day-to-day program administration as well as to provide funding and program support in areas such as product and resource donations, expertise and training for the installationandoperationofnewstoves, airmonitoring andothers. Secure sufficient funding since a change-out program is solely dependent on financial incentives. . Designthe program to include options basedon the socioeconomics ofthe participants. . Consider individualeconomicsto ensurepotential participants are awareof all out-of-pocket costs not covered by the program. . Implement outreach and education programs early since these are critical to the long term success of the change-out. Examples include advertising through news media, mailings, public meetings, stove fairs and education/training sessions for change-out participants. . Considerairmonitoring forparticulatematter beforeandafterthe change-out. Hearth Patio Barbeque Association through its member companies donated approximately $1 million in stoves, chimney venting, and cash for installation to help the most needy families In Libbyreplace their old wood stoves. The U. S. EPA provided the community with a $100, 000 grant to assist this first phase of the program. Later, a $1 million congressional earmark provided purchase incentives to the other families in the community. (httD://www. woodstovechanaeout. om/index. DhD?id=27) " Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association, 2008, "Clearing the Smoke, the Wood Stove Change-out in Libby, Montana", Preliminary Report. Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 27 Page 58 of 97 Emphasizethe healthandsafetybenefitsofupgradingto a certifiedwoodstove. Determine the best time of year to conduct a wood burning appliance change-out campaign and the willingness of retailers to participate. Stay flexible and allow for necessary adjustments to program plan such as program extensions. . Budgetforproperadministrative staffingfor program delivery. Provide financial incentives for early program participants. Dispose/recycleold stoves properly to avoidre-use. . Introduce by-law or regulatory elements to coincidewith change-outprogram target dates in order to help encourage residents to replace old stoves. 5. 5 Public Outreach and Education Public outreach and educationprograms help to raise awarenessaboutthe health and air quality impacts associatedwith wood burning. They also provide a means to educate homeowners with respect to the proper operation and maintenance of their wood burning appliances. Outreach campaigns are particularly useful when building stakeholder acceptance for new or soon-to-benew by-laws and regulations, for disseminating information over a long period of time, and for promoting initiatives that encourage public participation in related programs (e. g., change-out programs). Outreach programs can be conducted by public, private, and non-profit organizations, and benefit by involving a broad range of interested stakeholders (e. g., volunteer groups, retailers, etc.) Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 28 Page 59 of 97 Jurisdictions shouldconsider outreach andeducation programs as a means to raise awareness, promote voluntary change, andtofacilitate acceptance of new rules and programs with respect to wood burning. Management Options: (i) Electronic Resources: Wood burning best practices, health information, and information on energy efficient appliances can be communicated on websites and through retail video demonstrations. (ii) Training Programs: Industry and retail experts can be engaged to educate the public about wood burning best practices in the form of workshops and demonstrations. (iii) Multimedia Public Notification: Local television, newspapers, posters, pamphlets and billboards can be used to inform the public about issues relating to wood burning. Figure 2 illustrates this type of outreach. (iv) Community-Based Social Marketing: Research and actions can be targeted to address specific barriers to behavior within a community. (v) Pending By-laws or Regulations: Communication of the possibility of pending by-laws or regulations in support of the implementation of advanced technology wood burning appliance standards under CSA B415. 1 or US EPA standards and related operating practices. (vi) Local Campaign Leaders: A locally recognised individual can provide an effective central point for coordinating outreach components. Timing for Best Effect: Be aware of the need to communicate information at the appropriate time. Providing communications in advance of actions (e. g. new bylaws or programs) can make a significant difference. Code of Practice for Residential Wood Burning Appliances 29 Page 60 of 97 Figure z: Example Pamphlet WOODSMOKESIGNALS ArffNEFFiCIENTFJRE; WACTE"SEN'ERGYANB CONfRrBUfESTO: POORAfRaDAUTV BEBINBWIHMODUffiSGOOnUSEaFXRENBUaiE BESe«nahh flfrliuiAftlK»/ WuudstinB_muKiq^]nBW CMHC Suite to RgddHiliolUVmtIH'iBSng tntsxffwffusntw-svS^c^a/en/efffnwfKfen^rcvsaf lKKleMilto?urt=teoBit»on»pirfAicnurt(]rtlaWIlGiflmBPngelD-IWOCC teiiety of Heartti. Patio and BaibequeAssactaUon WIEffNNUNKyuuittaflom/usff/ OHJBCK tifcfms HwnattesienclHelptptu IT Plwaa oonact la-ttr copes of Uiia Wnnnrtnn: WUS16HT KNBEBUnCRJUeBOOK BUNCH ffiWWBlSngarANWUB lantWKBftBC V1A1ZB nionapsqdKsaaoof pSt))437. 2535 Fax lMO. Sa6.15W WoodstoveenctongeCwUslghtca wwwtWlktslfflt^a/khlcisrrtnwdStOirt ^-